DICTIONARY OF INDIANS. 



II 



Acoma. — Coritimied. 

 Ako-ma. — Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, v, 



173, iSoo. (Tribal name.) 

 Alcuco. — Barcia, Ensayo, 21, 1723. 

 Alomas.— Mota-Padilla, Hist, de la Conquista, 



515, 1742. (Probably the same, although 



Alona. = Halona, might have been intended.) 

 A-qo. — Bandelier in Mag. West. Hist., 06S, 



Sept., 18S6. (Proper name of pueblo.) 

 Aquia. — Jefferys, Am. Atlas, map s, 1776. 



(Doubtless the same, but he locates also San 



Estevan de Acoraa.) 

 Coco. — Alvarado (1540) in Doc. Ined., iii, 51 r, 



1S65; ibid, in Winship, Coronado Exped., 



504, t8o6. 

 Hab-koo-kee-ah. — Domenech, Deserts N. A., 



II. 53, 1S60. (Misprint of Zuiii name; b = 



h.) 

 Hacu. — Bandelier in Mag. West. Hist., 668, 



Sept., 1886. (Navaho name of pueblo.) 

 Hacuqua. — Ibid., Gilded Man, 140, iS[)3. 



(Given as Zuiii name of pueblo; should be 



Hakukia.) 

 Ha-cu-quin. — Bandelier in Mag. West. Hist., 



()t)8, Sept.. 1 886. (Zuhi name of pueblo.) 

 Hacus. — Niga (1539) quoted by Coronado (1541) 



in Doc. Ined., xiv, 322, 1870. (Same as 



N'ifa's Acus.) 

 Hah-koo-kee-ah. — Eaton in Schoolcraft, Ind. 



Tribes, IV, 220, 1854. (Zuni name of pueblo.) 

 Hak-koo-kee-ah. — Simpson in Smithson. Rep. 



for 1869, T,i:i, 1 87 1. 

 Ha-ku. — Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, v, 173, 



1S90. (Or Ha-ku-kue. Given as Zuni name 



of pueblo; really their name for the Acomas.) 

 Ha-ku Kue. — Ibid., in, pt. i, 132, 1890; v, 169, 



1S90. (Improperly given as Zuni name of 



pueblo.) 

 Ha-kus. — Ibid., v, 173, 1890. (Navaho name 



of pueblo; see Hacu, above.) 

 Peuol. — Alcedo, Dic.-Geog., iv, 149, 1788. (So 



named from the mesa on which it stands.) 

 Quebec of the Southwest. — Lummis, Land of 



Poco Tiempo, 57, 1S93. 

 Queres Gibraltar. — Ibid., 57. 

 San Esteban de Acoma. — Vetancurt, Teatro 



Mex., Ill, 319, 1S71. (Mission name.) 

 San Pedro. — Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 221, 



1S89. (Mission name after July, 1699.) 

 Suco. — Galvano (1563) in Hakluyt Society, xxx, 



227, 1862. (Mis(iuoting Acuco of Coronado; 



also applied to Cicuic,= Pecos.) 

 Tuthla-huay. — Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, 



IV, pt. 2, 235, 1892. (Tigua name.) 

 Vacus. — Nifa, Relation, in Ramusio, Nav. et 



Viaggi, III, 357, 1565- 

 Vsacus. — Ibid. 

 Yacco. — Oiiate (159S) in Doc. Ined., xvi, 115, 



1 87 1. (Identified by Bandelier (Jour. Am. 



Eth. and Arch., iii, 80, 1892) with Acoma; 



misprint of the Spanish y Acco = "and Acco.") 

 Yaco. — Columbus Memorial Vol., 155, 1893. 



(Misprint of Oiiate's " Yacco.") 



Agriculture. — An opinion long pre- 

 vailed in the minds of the people that 

 the Indians north of Mexico were, 

 previous to and at the time Euro- 

 peans began to settle that part of the 

 continent, virtitally nomads having 

 no fixed abodes and hence practising 

 agriculture to a very limited extent. 

 Why this opinion has been enter- 

 tained by the masses, who have 

 learned it from tales and traditions of 

 Indian life and warfare since the estab- 

 lishment of European colonies in this 

 country, can be readily understood, 

 but why writers, who have had access 

 to the older records, should thus 

 speak of them is not easily explained, 



when these records, speaking of the 

 temperate regions, almost without 

 exception notice the fact that the In- 

 dians, although addicted to war, 

 much devoted to the chase, and often 

 base and treacherous, were generally 

 fovmd, from the border of the western 

 plains to the Atlantic, dwelling in 

 settled villages and cultivating the 

 soil. De Soto found all the tribes he 

 visited, from the Florida peninsula to 

 the western part of Arkansas, culti- 

 vating maize and various other food 

 plants. The early voyagers along the 

 Atlantic found the same thing true 

 from Florida to Massachusetts. Capt. 

 John Smith and his Jamestown colony, 

 and indeed all the early colonies, de- 

 pended at first very largely for sub- 

 sistence on the products of Indian 

 cultivation. Jacques Cartier, the 

 first European who ascended the St. 

 Lawrence, found the Indians of Ho- 

 chelaga (now Montreal) cultivating 

 the soil. "They have," he remarks, 

 "good and large fields of corn . . . 

 which they preserve in garrets at the 

 tops of their houses. ' ' Charnplain and 

 the early French explorers testify to 

 the large reliance of the Iroqtiois on 

 the cultivation of the soil for subsis- 

 tence. La Salle and his companions 

 observed the Indians of Illinois, and 

 thence southward along the Missis- 

 sippi, cultivating and to a large ex- 

 tent subsisting on maize. 



F. Gabriel Sagard Theodat, a wit- 

 ness of what he reports, says, in 

 speaking" of the agriculture of the 

 Hurons, in 1623-26: "They lop off 

 the branches of the trees which they 

 have cut down and btirn them at the 

 foot of these, and in the course of 

 time they remove the roots, and then 

 the women thoroughly clear up the 

 ground and dig a rotmd place at every 

 two feet or less, where they plant in the 

 month of May in each one nine or ten 

 grains of com which they have pre- 

 viously selected, culled, and soaked 

 for several daj's in water; and thus 

 they continue in this manner so that 

 they have enotigh provision for two 

 or three years, either from fear that 

 a bad year may come upon them, or 

 rather that they may go to trade it, 

 by exchange for peltries or other 

 things they may need, with other 

 nations. And every year they thus 

 plant their com in the same places and 

 spots, which they renew with their 

 small wooden shovels, the remainder 

 of the land being uncultivated, but 

 onlv cleared from noxious weeds, so 

 that it appears that these [spaces be- 

 tween the rows of com] are paths 



