lO 



DICTIONARY OF INDIANS. 



Acoma. — Continued. 



The Acomas had been hostile to the 

 surrounding village tribes during this 

 period, and as early as 1540 are men- 

 tioned as "feared by the whole coun- 

 try round about." Juan de Zaldivar, 

 of Onate's force, visited Acoma in 

 December, 1598, with thirty men; 

 they were surprised by the Indians, 

 who killed fourteen of the Spaniards 

 outright (including Zaldivar and two 

 other captains), and caused four 

 others to leap over the cUff — three of 

 whom were miraculously saved. In 

 January, 1599, an avenging party of 

 seventy Spaniards were despatched 

 under Zaldivar' s brother Vicente, 

 who, after a battle which lasted three 

 days, succeeded in killing half the 

 tribe of about 3000 and in partly 

 burning the town. The first mis- 

 sionary labor performed at Acoma 

 was by Fray Geronimo de Zarate- 

 Salmeron, prior to 1629; but Fray 

 Juan Ramirez, who went to Acoma in 

 the spring of 1629 and remained there 

 many years, was its first permanent 

 missionary and the builder of the first 

 church, which was replaced in or after 

 1699 by the present great structure of 

 adobe. The Acomas participated in 

 the general Pueblo revolt against 

 the Spaniards in 1680 (see Pueblo), 

 kilUng their missionary. Fray Lucas 

 Maldonado ; but largely on account of 

 their isolation and the inaccessibility 

 of their village site, they were not so 

 severely dealt with by the Spaniards 

 as were most of the more easterly 

 pueblos. An attempt was made to 

 reconquer the village by Governor 

 Vargas in August, 1696, but he suc- 

 ceeded only in destroying their crops 

 and in capturing five warriors. The 

 villagers held out until July 6, 1699, 

 when they submitted to Governor 

 Cubero, who changed the name of the 

 pueblo from San Estevan de Acoma 

 to San Pedro; btit the former name 

 was subsequently restored and is still 

 retained. The population of Acoma 

 dwindled from abovit 1500 at the be- 

 ginning of the revolt to 1052 in 1760. 

 In 1782 the mission was reduced to a 

 visita of Laguna, and by the close of 

 the century its population was only a 

 few more than 800. Their present 

 (1902) number is 566. The Acomas are 

 agriculturists, cultivating by irrigation 

 corn, wheat, melons, calabashes, etc., 

 and raising also sheep, goats, horses, 

 and burros. In prehistoric and early 

 historic times they had flocks of do- 

 mesticated turkeys. They are expert 

 potters, but now do Uttle or no weav- 

 ing. The villages which they tradi- 



tionally occupied after leaving Shi- 

 ]:)apu, their mythical place of origin in 

 the north, were Kashkachuti, Wash- 

 pdshuka, Kuchtya, Tsiama, Tapi- 

 tsiama, and Katzimo or the "En- 

 chanted mesa" (ci.v.) . Hed,shkowa and 

 Kowina were also pueblos occupied 

 by Acoma clans in prehistoric tiines. 

 The land grant of the tribe, made by 

 the Spanish Government and con- 

 firmed by Congress, comprises 95,792 

 acres. For further information see 

 Winship, Coronado Exped. (14th 

 Rep. Bur Eth.) ; Espejo (1583) in 

 Doc. Ined. de Indias, xv, 100, 151; 

 Villagran, Hist. Nueva Mexico, Al- 

 cala, 1610, repr. Mexico, 1900; Vetan- 

 curt, Cronica, and Menologia, repr. 

 1871; Bandelier, Hist. Introd.; ibid., 

 Contribvitions; ibid.. Final Report; 

 Bancroft, Hist. Ariz, and N. M.; Lum- 

 mis, Land of Poco Tiempo; Hodge, 

 Katzimo the Enchanted, and Ascent 

 of the Enchanted Mesa. (f.w.h.) 



Abucios. — Duro, Don Diego de Peiialosa, 23, 



1882. (= Acus of Niza.) 

 Acmaat. — Evans (1888) in Compte Rendu Cong. 



Int. Am., VII, 229, 1890. 

 A-co. — Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, in, pt. i, 



132, 1890. (Or Aco-ma.) 

 Acogiya. — Onate (1598) in Doc. In^d., xyi, 102, 



1871. (Doubtless the same; = Zuili name 



Hakukia.) 

 Acoma. — Espejo (1583) in Doc. In^d., xv, ii6, 



1871. 

 Acoman. — Hakluyt, Voyages, 469, note, 1600. 



(Or Acoma; quoting Espejo, 1583.) 

 Acome. — MS. of 1764 in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 



III, 304, 1853. 

 Acomenses. — Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 145, 



1889. 

 Acomeses. — Villagran, Hist. Nueva Mexico, 158, 



1610. 

 Acomis. — Taylor in Cal'a Farmer, Apr. 11, 1863. 

 Acom.0. — Mota-Padilla, Hist, de la Conquista, 



169, 1742. 

 Acona. — Emory, Reconnoissance, 133, 1848. 



(Misprint.) 

 Aconia. — Ward in Ind. Aff. Rep 1864, 191, 1865. 



(Misprint; ni — m.) 

 Acquia. — Benavides (1630) misquoted in Nou v. 



Ann. Voy., 5th ser., xxvii, 307, 1851. 

 Acu. — Ogilby, America, 392, 167 1. 

 Acuca. — Ramusio, Nav. et Viaggi, in, i, 1565. 

 Acucans. — Whipple in Pac. R. R. Rep., in, pt. 



3, 90, 1856. 

 Acuco. — Castaneda (1540) in Winship, Coro- 

 nado Exped., 519, 1896. 

 Acucu. — Coronado (1540) in Winship, Coronado 



Exped.. 560, 1896. 

 Acus. — Nita (1539) in Hakluyt, Voy., iii, 440, 



1600. (Not to be confounded with Ahacus = 



Hawikuh.) 

 Acux. — Mota-Padilla, Hist, de la Conquista, in, 

 A 1742. 

 Ago. — Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, i, 14, 



1 88 1. (Proper Queres name.) 

 Ah-co. — Lummis, Land of Poco Tiempo, 63, 



1893. 

 Ah-ko. — Lummis, Man Who Married the Moon, 



207, 1894. 

 A'ikoka. — Stephen in 8th Rep. B. E., 30, 1891. 



(Tusayan name of pueblo.) 

 Aioma. — Linschoten, Description de I'Amdrique, 



:nap i, 163S. (Misprint; i = c.) 

 Aiomo. — Ogilby, America, map, 167 1. 

 Ako. — Loew (187s) in Wheeler Survey Rep., 

 vn, 339, 345, 1879. (Proper name of pueblo.) 



