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IV. That it is possible that the later popiihulon was partly a distinct 

 wave of emig-ration from the first; that is, that the emigration did not take 

 place gradually and with a steady progress, but that a later influx may have 

 taken place, of people who (while related to the firstcomers) may have 

 liad some opj^ortunities for development in manners and arts while tempora- 

 rily resident on the adjacent continent, while at the same time the firstcomers 

 had been developing under different and more restricted conditions on the 

 islands. 



V. That the people who first populated the islands were more similar 

 to the lowest grades of Innuit (so-called Eskimo) than to the Aleuts of the 

 historic period; and that while the development of the other Innuit went 

 on in the dii-ection in which they first started, that of the Alents was 

 differentiated and changed by the limitations of their environment. 



VI. That a gradual progression from the low Innuit stage to the 

 present Aleut condition, without serious interruption, is plainly indicated 

 by the succession of the materials of, and utensils in, the shell-heaps ot 

 the islands. 



VII. That the difficulties by which they were surrounded and the 

 necessity of coping with natural limitations, l)y Avhich the continental 

 Innuit were not restricted, led to a more rapid and a greater intellectual 

 development on the part of the Aleuts in certain directions; and that this 

 progress is shown, among other ways, in the greater development of the 

 possibilities of their language, in its more perfect grammatical structure, 

 and in a much more thorough system of numeration, as compared with 

 that of the continental Innuit. 



VIII. That the stratification of the shell-heaps shows a tolerably 

 uniform division into (lu-ee stages, characterized by the food which formed 

 their staple of subsistence and by the weapons for obtaining, and utensils 

 for preparing this food, as found in the separate strata; these stages being — 



I. The Littoral Period, represented by the Echinus Layer, 

 ir. The Fishing Period, represented by the Fishbone Layer. 

 III. The Hunting Period, represented by the Mammalian Layer. 



IX. That these strata correspond approximately to actual stages in 

 the development of the population which formed them; so that their 



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