smooth, and sometimes holes were deftly formed by chipping, in order that 

 the lashing of the knife, to a wooden handle like that of a fnrrier's or cliop- 

 j.-ing knife, might be made more secure. 



The finest-ground knives of the most artistic shapes do not, however, 

 appear in this stratum, but above it. 



The first rude and rough lance-heads, such as might be useful in secur- 

 ing salmon in shallow water, now begin to appear; and toward the upper 

 surface of the fish-bone layer, bone implements begin to be introduced. 

 This application of an easily-obtained substance, namely, the bone and 

 ivory of the sea-animals, Avhich then frequented these shores in the greatest 

 abundance, seems to have stimulated the aboriginal mind much as in later 

 days the invention of the printing-2:)ress and telegraph have aflPected modern 

 i-aces. The first forms Avere notably rude and roughly shaped, as the stone 

 tools with which they were made must have been of the most primitive 

 character, and the art was a new one. Still these rude objects have their 

 counterparts, of more artistic shape and smoother and more delicate finish, 

 in the Aveapons of the continental Innuit of to-day. 



As may be seen by fig. 13,000, at the termination of the Fishing 

 Period, the manufacture had already much progressed beyontl the rude 

 forms figured with it ; tliough this is indicated rather by the sharpness of 

 the finish than by the shape. The latter is variable for different uses, 

 though the form 13,000 does not appear in the stratum until long after the 

 others. 



When the skin-canoe first came into use, or how the present indis- 

 pensable and artistic hklarka AA^as gradually elaborated from the first crude 

 conception of a boat, Ave have no means of knoAving, as the materials of 

 which the earlier canoes must have been .composed are liable to decay. 

 It is not improbable, hoAvever, that this improvement Avas coeval Avith the 

 Fishing Period. The canoes of this epoch, hoAvever, Avere probably less 

 highly ornamented and less perfect than those of the Hunting Period, as 

 Ave find none of the little ivory paddle-rests and other ornaments Avhich are 

 noAV in use, and Avhich are not uncommon in the Mannnalian layer. 



But, Avitli the invention ot- the hand-lance of stone and the application 

 of bone to the same use, a multitude of ncAV wants and appliances sprang 



