V5 



BJiachkincctes r/Iauciis, the California gray whale. 



SihhaJdiiis si(Jfurn(s, the sulphur-bottom whale. 



BaJanoi)tera vdifcra, the fin-back whale. 



Phjsder macroccpliahts, the sperm whale. 



And various species of birds not identified. 



Also in the most eastern islands, and rarely even there, the followin<i- 

 inti'oduced species : 



Vulpcs lagopns, the Arctic fox (afterward introduced by the Russians 

 into many other islands). 



Canis familiaris var. horealis, the Eskimo dog. 



All these remains are largely mixed with organic matter in a perfect 

 state of decay, such as would result from the decomposition of grass and 

 other vegetable fibers, turf, drift-wood, and all the soft rejectamenta of a 

 savage people. 



Remains of houses of the half-underground type, afterward so univer- 

 sal, appear only in the middle stratum, showing that not until then had the 

 population so multiplied and mutual confidence sufficiently matured, for the 

 more ancient, temporary, above-ground houses to begin to be supplanted 

 by more substantial and comfortable structures. 



With the new resources at their command, the invention of new fonns 

 of implements and entirely new tools greatly multiplied, rendering it nec- 

 essary to attempt a sort of classification in considering them. 



WEAPONS. 



These were greatly improved, and forms multiplied, and were made 

 often in more artistic fashion, with some attempts at ornamentation. They 

 consist of hand-lance heads of stone, obsidian, and bone, or both combined. 

 The later forms for seal-hunting had bone barbs and obsidian tips, combining 

 thus sharpness for incision and toughness for retention. The later whale 

 harpoons were always slate-tipped, the modern Aleuts ascribing some poison- 

 ous quality to that stone, which they assert will invariably kill the whale in 

 a few days, providing the slate-tip remains in the wound, even if the dart 

 has penetrated but slightly. It would be impossible, without figming 

 hundi-eds of these weapons, to show the gradual progress in finish and 



