wlialo tooth Avhicli lias a central hollow or core, which had been reamed out. 

 ^_„, __^^ _^^^^ Some of the old Aleuts explained to me that these 



li ^^^^ ^"^^'^' ■- things were placed on the point of a dart when 

 ^^^^^ :, practicing at a mark, in order that it might not 



i2'ji5(263).-Bntton for dart, of sperm- become blunted. Tlic annexed figure shows one 



whale-tooth ivory, upper Mammalian 



layer, Constantino narl)or.Amchitka,|. of thcSe, whicll I fouud iu tllG UppCl'mOSt layer at 



Amchitka, very nicely finished and much more artistic than the older speci- 

 mens of Unalashka. 



IMPLEMENTS. 



Use relatiriff to dress. 



With the ability to kill sea-animals atfording skins for clothing, and the 

 utilization of these skins, which we have some reason to think took place 

 about the latter part of the Fishing Period, came the necessity for new 

 implements to adapt the skins to their proposed use. Accordingly, in the 

 lowest beds of the Mammalian period we begin to, find, for the first time, 

 various implements of this kind. The most common (as the least valuable 

 and most likely to be lost or thrown away) are pumice-stone skin-dressers 

 or rubbers, of variable shape, but always with flattened sides and rounded 

 edges, and usually longer than wide. These do not materially alter in ap- 

 pearance in the different strata. The coarse grain of the pumice, Avhicli 

 floats on the sea and may be found on most of the beaches, is admirably 

 adapted for removing the repinants of flesh and tendinous matter from a 

 dry, raw skin. Then we find rude bone skin-dressers, more or less chisel- 

 shaped, and hardly to be distinguished from the wedges hereafter to be 

 described, except by not being hammered at the thicker end. These bone 

 dressers, however, improved greatly in form and finish. One from the lower 

 stratum is figured (16079) above, and another from the upper stratum 

 (16088) is remarkable for the care with which it is finished and the excava- 

 tion of one side clear to the ti23s of the horn-processes, which afforded a 

 secure grip to the prehistoric tanner. This implement is even better finished 

 than most of the modern Eskimo tools of the same kind which have come 

 under my notice. 



In addition to these implements, small, sharp stone scrapei's, usually 

 ground flat, and with chipped edges, are found throughout the Hunting 



