82 



region. The fact that among the thousands of implements, Aveapons, &c., 

 that we have collected in this region, there should be but one celt, shows 

 their extreme rarity and the high value probably placed on them. This 

 solitary specimen is here figured, No., 13034. There are also no axes, 

 grooved or otherwise, hammers, gouges, or hollow chisels, found in this 

 region. 



The intertribal traffic I have referred to is universal among the Innuit. 

 Among other articles which were found in a prehistoric burial-place, on 

 Kagamil, were a number of the kantags, or wooden dishes and receptacles, 

 made by the Nushagak and other continental Innnit, and undoubtedly 

 imported before the advent of the whites. Manj- other articles of use and 

 ornament, which we know these people possessed, and which were in part 

 imported, I have left nnmentioned, as this paper relates merely to the relics 

 of the shell-heaps, village-sites, and rock-shelters of the prehistoric time, and 

 to admit articles which are not indicated by the deposits in question, except 

 by way of Illustration, would too greatly expand this jiaper. These points 

 may be hereafter treated of elsewhere. 



The "fiddle-bow drill" was an instrument largely used in their carv- 

 ing and working bone and ivory ; but for obtaining fire, two pieces of quartz 

 were struck together over some down obtained from the wild cotton-grass 

 or rush, which had been sprinkled with sulphur from the crevices of the 

 volcanos. 



In the upper layers alone we begin to find the Ivory ornaments and 

 appendages, Avhich now form part of every kyak or bidarka; and the thin 

 strips of bone with AvhIch was ornamented the wooden visor used by the 

 Aleuts to protect themselves from the glare of the sun when in the kyak. 

 Various little nondescript carAangs, wlilch we found in the top stratum, were 

 without doubt used as aj^pendages to the peak of the visor, AvhIch was 

 fm-ther ornamented with the long translucent bristles of the sea-lion. 

 Among other articles found in these strata only are bone handles for dishes 

 or baskets, bone spoons, and needle-cases of the bones of birds" wings. 

 These were sometimes rudely ornamented with a tracery of lines, dots, and 

 circles, all strictly of the Innuit type. Chips of quartz and obsidian were 

 used to finish the shafts of their darts, and the throwing-board was Invented 



