89 



nostrils and ornaments in the ears. The ahnost universal Innuit practice 

 of tatooing perpendicular lines on the chin of Avomen he also mentions and 

 figures, as well as a few transverse lines on the upper part of the face, 

 extending backward from near the outer corners of the eyes. Billings and 

 Langsdorf also figure the cleat-shaped labret. An earlier practice is 

 revealed by our researches of a large central labret like those of the 

 T'linkets or Botocudos, worn in the lowp.r Up, probably by the women, but 

 this is not certain. Those found by us in the Amaknak Cave were asso- 

 ciated with the remains of a woman's work-basket, before alluded to. The 

 earlier forms were less nicely made and less elaborate than the later ones'. 

 This form of labret appears to be strictly prehistoric among the Aleuts. 



Nos. 12991 and 14933 from the Amaknak Cave, and similar speci- 

 mens from the vxpper stratum at Amchitka, are of the most ancient type. 

 They are heavy rudely-carved pieces of walrus tusk, smoothed by wear, 

 and somewhat decayed by the moisture of the earth in which they lay. 

 No. 16139 is remarkably heavy, and only au overpowering sense of its 

 beauty and the demands of fashion could have supported its weai-er under 

 the infliction. No. 16136 is much lighter and more neatly finished, from 

 an easily- worked black bituminous shale, but larger than any of the others, 

 and capable of being worn only by one whose lip had been greatly enlarged 

 by pressure. No hunter exposed to the icy blasts and cold waters of Avinter 

 could have worn such articles, which would have subjected the extended 

 strip of flesh to freezing, and been an insufiferable annoyance otherwise. 

 We may conjecture that they were the ornaments of dandies or women. 

 The expanded edge of the largest labret was worn inside and uppennost, as 

 its weight bore down the lip into a horizontal plane. Under the head of 

 art may be reckoned the carvings found with human remains in biirial-caves. 



As I have elsewhere described these remains in detail, and as they are 

 not found in the shell-heaps, but only in the more modern burial-places, I will 

 merely describe their general character in connection with the various 

 methods of burial known among the ancient hunters of the Aleutian Islands. 



We found the dead disposed of in several ways : first, by interment 

 in their compartments of the communal dwelling, as already described; 

 second, by being laid on a rude platform of drift-wood or stones in some 



