95 



eastern shore of Smith's Sound. Thence, as new parties arrived, lie supposes 

 they may have separated, some to the north, others remaining as the Arctic 

 Highhxnders' ancestors, others still going south, driving out the Norsemen, 

 and peopling Greenland. Further on, he assumes it as certain that the 

 Arctic Highlanders came from the north. He also mnkes the point that 

 there are people speaking an Innuit dialect on the coast of Asia at the 

 present day. 



Still another theor}', largely held by those who have less knowledge 

 of the subject than Mr. Marhham, is that these and other people came into 

 America via the Aleutian Islands. 



Before entering into the subject in detail, it may be as well to premise 

 that in the far and distant past, a period so ancient as to lie wholly without 

 the scope of this paper, it seems probable that the first population of 

 America was derived from the Avest. E. G. Squier and the late George 

 Gibbs believed in different lines of immigration, one from the southwest 

 in the direction of Polynesia, and another from the north. That this is 

 pi'obable cannot be denied, but it will always remain doubtful. 



The fact that the home of the highest anthropoid apes is in Africa, 

 and also that of some of the least-elevated forms of man; that we have 

 none of the higher anthropoid animals, recent or fossil, in America, and 

 none are known anywhere outside of the Asiatic and African regions, tells 

 forcibly against any hypothesis of autoclithonic people in America. I see, 

 therefore, no reason for disputing the hypothesis that America was peopled 

 from Asia originally, and that there were successive waves of emigration. 



The northern route was clearly by way of Bering Strait; at least, it 

 was not to the south of that, and especially it was not by way of the 

 Aleutian Islands. 



Linguistically, no ultimate distinction can be drawn between the 

 American Innuit and the American Indian. There are no ultimate or 

 fundamental grammatical distinctions in the formation of their respective 

 languages. Both are agglutinative. So, also, are classed some tribes of 

 Eastern Asia by Max Miiller. Consequently, theories of remote origin 

 apply equally well to both Indians and Innuit. But secondary distinctions 

 are abundant, and the Stiimme of the Eskimo is as clearly separated from 



