171 



generation, for the most part, look upon the Kathhiputl as their proper 

 country, more especially as they are intermarried with the remnant of the 

 original proprietors. No correct census has at any time been made of the 

 Klikatat, But they are estimated at from 300 to 400, exclusive of the Taiti- 

 napam . 



Of the Wlll opah (Kwalhlokwa,) or, as they call themselves, Owhillapsh, 

 there are yet, It appears, three or four families living on the heads of the 

 Tslhalls River above the forks. According to the account of an old man, 

 from whom the vocabulary was obtained, the Klatskanai, a kindred band, 

 till lately inhabiting the mountains on the southern side of the Columljla, 

 and now also nearly extinct, formerly owned the prairies on the Tsihalis at 

 the mouth of the Skdkumchuk, bat, on the failure of game, left the 

 country and crossed tlie river. Both these bands subsisted chiefly by hunt- 

 ing. As before mentioned, they are of the Tahkali stock, though divided 

 by nearly six degrees of latitude from the parent tribe. The fact of these 

 migrations of the Klikatat and Klatskanai within a recent period is impor- 

 tant, as indicating the direction in which population has flowed, and the 

 causes inducing this separation of tribes. 



At the council held on the Tsihalis in February, 1855, an opportunity 

 was offered of ascertaining, with sufficient correctness, the numbers of 

 these Indians, as also the particulars of the tribes Intervening between them 

 and the Makah of Cape Flattery. The name Chihalis, or Tsihalis, strictly 

 belongs to the village on the beach at the entrance of Gray Harbor. The 

 word itself signifies sand. It has, however, now become applied to all the 

 bands inhabiting the bay and river. The Lower Tsihalis, or those from the 

 mouth of the Satsop doA"'n, including the villages on the AVhishkah and 

 Wanulchi, and the few on Shoal water Bay, numbered in all but 217. 

 These differ very little in anything except language from their Tsinuk neigh- 

 bors. There Avere formerly five principal villages of the tribe on the river, 

 seven on the north, and eight on the south side of the bay, and even within 

 the recollection of American settlers the population was very considerable. 

 Ka-kow-an, belonging to the Tsihalis village, a very old man, seems to 

 have been the principal chief, and his son, TCi-le'-uk, now claims, in his 

 place, to be the head of the tribe. 



