178 



it, a circumstance very unusual among Indians. In their modes of sub- 

 sistence, habits, &c., they do not differ noticeably from their neighbors. 



There remains on these waters what may be termed the Niskwalli 

 nation, which is thus divided, pursuing- the geographical order : 



1st. Th e SJ ^okotiiish. of whom the Toanhuch seems to be another 

 name only, said to mean in the Klallam tongue "a portage". Of these, there 

 were formerly several bands, as the K3Iuls.Qet and others, whose names are 

 preserved in those of different localities. They occupy both sides of Hood 

 Canal above Port Gamble, and number 290 souls. Their chief is now 

 Hol-hol-tin, better known as Jim. As already mentioned, the Skokomish 

 Avere embraced in the same treaty with their neighbors, the Klallams and 

 Tsemakums. Their language constitutes a distinct one, differing so far 

 from that of the Niskwalli as not to be generally understood. The 

 Skwawksin, or Skwawksnamish, who occuj^y the isthmus between Hood 

 Canal and Case Inlet, in some respects more properly belong to this con- 

 nection than to the Sound Indians. 



2d. The bands occupying Puget Sound and the inlets opening into 

 it as far down as Point Pully. These all speak the same dialect, the Nis- 

 kwalli proper, and were all included in treaties made at Shenah-nam, or 

 Medicine Creek, December, 18r)4, since ratified by the Senate. They num- 

 ber collectively 893. A division might be made of these into three sub- 

 tribes, the first consisting of the S'Hotlemamish of Case Inlet, Saheh- 

 wamish of Hamersly Inlet, Sawamish of Totten Iidet, Skwai-aitl of Eld 

 Inlet, Stehtsasamish of Budd Inlet, and Nusehtsatl of South Bay or 

 Henderson Inlet ; the second consisting of the Skwalliahmish or Niskwal- 

 li, including the Segwallitsu, Steilakumahmish, and other small bands ; 

 the third of the Puyallupahmish, T'Kawkwamish, and S'Homamish of the 

 Puyallup River and Vashon Island. The first are properly salt water 

 Indians ; the second are for the most part like the Staktamish, or Upper 

 Tsihalis, equestrian in their habits, and the last are River and Sound Indians. 

 Three reservations were assigned to these bands as permanent homes, each 

 consisting of about two sections of land; one being the small island at the 

 mouth of Hammersly Inlet or Skukum Bay, another upon the sound near 

 the Niskwnlli, and a third upon Commencement Bay. These are all upon 



