180 



all the tribes, was contemplated at the same place. The small bay known as 

 Tulalip Bay, upon which is a saw mill, affords an excellent site for this pnr- 

 pose ; and the land in the neighborhood, being easily cleared and of good 

 quality, would enable the Indians in a great measure to subsist themselves. 

 The Snokwalmii and other upper bands of this division possess a few 

 horses, and are much intermarried with the Yakama Indians, here indiscrim- 

 inately called Klikatat. They hunt as well as fish; their neighborhood to 

 the mountains and more active and energetic character giving them a supe- 

 riority in this respect. One of the two principal trails across the Cascade 

 Mountains, that by way of the main Yakama, passes through their country; 

 the Nahchess trail leading from White River. 



4th. The Skagits, including the Kik[allu, Nukwajsamish, Tow-ah-ha, 

 Sma^i^hu, Sakuniehu, Miskaiwhu, Miseekwigweelis, Swinamish, and Skwo- 

 namish, occupy the remaining country between the Snohomish and Belling- 

 ham Bay, with the northern part of Whidbey Island and Perry Island. 

 With them a different dialect prevails, though not so distinct but what they 

 can be understood by those already mentioned. They altogether amount 

 to 1,475, and have been assigned Goliah as head chief This division have 

 no horses, but are altogether canoe Indians. With the exception of the 

 islands and the immediate shore of the main, their country is altogether 

 unexplored They formerly had some communication witli the Indians 

 beyond the mountains; but it is supposed to have been discontinued in con- 

 sequence of obstructions to their trails. The Skagit reservation, as agreed 

 upon in the treaty, was the peninsula forming the southeastern extremity of 

 Perry Island. 

 Q 6th. The Samisli, Lummi, Nfiksahk, living around Bellingham Bay 



and the Lummi Kivor. The two former are salt water, the last exclusively 

 river Indians, who as yet have had very little connection with the whites. 

 Collectively, these might be called the Niih-lum-mi. Tsow-its-hut was 

 recognized as their common chief by the treaty, and a reservation made for 

 them of an island at the forks of the river. Altogether they number 680. 

 The languages of the Lummi, at the mouth of the river, and of the Nuk- 

 sahk, a few miles higher up, differ so much as to be almost unintelligible to 

 one another. The latter seems to approach more nearly to that of Frazer 



