221 



bows and arrows ami defensive armor have been mentioned in anotlier con- 

 nection. 



In all tlicir native niannfactures, the Indians of this Territory were not 

 wanting in skill, although they were far behind the northern races, whose 

 ingenuity is, in fact, extraordinary among savages. 



DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



The horse and dog constitute the only ones, except that a very few 

 individuals may j^erhaps own a little stock. Umtuts, a Klikatat, living at 

 the mouth of the Kathlapntl, until recently killed by his tribe, alone pos- 

 sessed a good herd. Generally speaking, the Indians west of the mountains 

 do not keep them. Their horses, also, are few, comparatively, and of mod- 

 ern introduction. 



The date of the introduction of the horse among the tribes in the eastern 

 district cannot be arrived at with any certainty. The Snake, Nez Percds, 

 and Spokane had, according to Lewis and Clarke, immense numbers at the 

 time of their visit. Garry, chief of the latter tribe, informed me that they 

 first got theirs from the Flatheads, who, he believed, procured them from 

 the Snakes; and there can be but little doubt that they were first brought 

 northward by the latter in their intercourse with the Comanches. The 

 Cayuse added to their stock by theft from the Spaniards, as Franch^re men- 

 tions seeing them with Spanish brands. 



Dr. Suckley considers the dogs to be of two breeds, one resembling 

 the coyote, or prairie-wolf, and very probably crossed with that animal, 

 which is the kind used for hunting; the other, a long-bodied, short-legged, 

 turnspit-looking cur, which is the peculiar property and pet of the women. 

 To these are probably to be added a third, the dog used by the Skagit, 

 Klallam, and others of the lower part of the Sound and Gulf of Georgia, 

 which is shorn for its fleece. Vancouver mentions these as resembling the 

 Pomeranian dog. They are of prett}^ good size, and generally white, with 

 much longer and softer hair than either of the others, but having the same 

 sharp muzzle and curling tail as the lumting-dog. Among some of the tribes 

 of Northern California, as on the Klamath River, there is a variety with a 

 broad tail, not more than six or eight inches in length, which appears to be 



