Rosaceæ. 61 



the reader is referred to Drude 1 , Abromeit (1. c.) and Sim- 

 mons (I. c.) 2 . 



Dryas octopelala is circumpolar and is moreover found 

 on the mountains of the temperate regions of Europe, in 

 Asia and North America, in Iceland and the Færoes. D. in- 

 tegrifolia is found in Greenland, in Arctic America, where 

 it has extended somewhat southwards, and in N. E. Siberia 

 (cf. Simmons, where the distribution of both the forms is 

 exhaustively discussed). 



D. octopetala and D. integrifolia occur chiefly in dry 

 localities, and Norman and A. Cleve emphasize the fact 

 that D. octopetala avoids damp localities in northern Scandi- 

 navia, and according to Simmons D. integrifolia does not 

 thrive in damp soil in Ellesmereland. Holm, however, ob- 

 served D. octopetala growing in the Tundras of Nova Zembla. 

 Heaths and rocky flats are their home proper. 



The alcohol material was collected in Greenland, Iceland, 

 the Færoes, northern Scandinavia, Spitzbergen and Nova 

 Zembla. 



Drude has included D. octopetala among his "Holzstau- 

 den" (Halbsträucher), 3 but both Haglund and Schröter 

 (1. c.) refer it to the dwarf shrubs proper, and their reason 

 for doing so is that the destruction by frost during winter 

 is not great and that the plant is woody and attains a very 

 considerable age. Thus Kihlman (loc. cit. p .229) records 

 that he has found a plant which was upwards of 108 years 

 old. And Schröter figures (Fig. 65) a shrub about 50- 

 years-old which attained a length of about 1.60 metres. The 

 growth is espalier-like 4 and the branches may be fixed to 

 the soil by adventitious roots. Warming remarks in his 



1 Die system, und geograph. Anordnung der Phanerog. in Schenk: 



Handbuch der Botanik, III, 2, pp. 212 and 256, fig. 1. 

 - Fig. 24 represents different leaves of an intermediate form. 

 s Handb. d. Pflanzengeographie, 1890. 

 1 Warming's term for prostrate, outspread growth. 



