Rosaceæ. 71 



they appear to agree as regards the structure and the biology 

 of the flower. Warming (I.e. 1886a, pp. 127— 28) has 

 described and figured the flower of D. integrifolia. He writes: 

 "that as D. octopetala (in Norway, Spitzbergen and the 

 Alps) this also has hermaphrodite and male flowers and from 

 a biological point of view they appear on the whole to resemble 

 each other exactly."" — Fig. 28 is a reproduction of his figure; 

 A shows a branch with the terminal flower; B, a herma- 

 phrodite flower; C, a male flower, at the base of the hypan- 

 thium of the latter are seen some pistil-rudiments. — "As in 

 D. octopetala the hermaphrodite flowers are larger than the 

 male flowers, but the smallest forms of the former are some- 

 what smaller than the largest of the latter" 1 . — According to 

 Simmons (I.e.) the flower of D. integrifolia is on an average 

 somewhat smaller than the average size of the flower of I), 

 octopetala. — "The petals (8 — 11) are white or yellowish-white 

 while young, but with increasing age become darker yellow or 

 brownish yellow." — I ni), octopetala they are almost pure while 

 (Simmons). — "If appears thai the hermaphrodite flowers may 

 be both homogamous and slightly proterogynous or slightly 

 proterandrous: on July 15. 1884, I gathered near Amerdlok- 

 fjord (W. Greenland) flowers, the anthers of which were open 

 while the styles were still short, and the stigmas appeared 

 to be quite immature; in other cases the pistils are very long 

 and have ripe stigmas while the stamens are still lying bent 

 inwards with closed anthers (Fig. 28, D); lastly there are 

 rases where the anthers and stigmas begin to function simul- 

 taneously and as they are at I he same level or the anthers 

 are slightly higher than the stigmas and very close to the 

 latter or rise above them, self-pollination will easily be able 

 to take place; I have even repeatedly observed the anthers 

 to be carried in between the stigmas." "Honey is secreted 

 by the inner side of the hypanthium (the shaded part of the 

 1 A similar case is described by Müller in Alpenbl., p. 227. 



