74 Knud Jessen. 



the earliest flowering species (Simmons). The Scandinavian 

 Floras, on the other hand, record July, August. 



Usually fruit is set abundantly and regularly; as regards 

 Spitzbergen Andersson and Hesselman write, however, 

 that fruitsetting is sometimes irregular, and in northern 

 Sweden the fruit does not ripen at a height of 1000 metres 

 above sea-level (A. Cleve). Norman (1. c.) often finds empty 

 fruit without kernel. 



The fruit dispersal is decidedly anemophilous. The 

 highly elongated and densely hairy styles in the ripe fruit 

 spread themselves out in dry weather, but in damp weather 

 they again unite into a single cone usually twisted to the 

 right. The peduncle elongates considerably during fruit- 

 setting and attains double its usual height (Ekstam, 1898). 



Rubus saxatilis L. 



Lit. Warming, 1884 and 1886, b. Norman, 1895. Poppius, 

 1903. 



This species is not really Arctic: it is found in Greenland, 

 but south of the Polar Circle, in Iceland, the Færoes, in Cen- 

 tral and North Europe (also north of the Polar Circle), Siberia 

 and in Caucasia (Lange). 



The alcohol material was collected in Greenland, Iceland 

 and in several places in Denmark. 



The shoots have a two-years period of development. 

 In the first year a shorter or longer scale-leaf-bearing shoot 

 is formed, which is erectly ascending or has an oblique lateral 

 growth; it lives through the winter with its apex at the sur- 

 face of the ground: next year the aerial shoot is formed. 

 The length of the shoot of the first year is dependent on the 

 distance of the subtending leaf from the surface of the ground, 

 and also on the nature of the soil: as may be expected, 

 in the loose leaf-mould of woods longer shoots are developed 

 (Fig. 29, A), while in harder soil the shoots are often quite 



