240 Eue. Warming. 



Winter-stage. Helgi Jonsson (1895, pp. 279 and 

 285) has described and figured shoots in the winter-stage 

 (1. c. Fig. 3,B, reproduced in this treatise as Fig. 4), and I 

 have, in Fig. 3, B, given an illustration of the apex of a shoot 

 in the winter-stage. Imbedded between the dead (shaded) 

 leaves are seen two young, erect, conical, fresh-green leaves, 

 which cover still younger leaves. But the features evidently 

 vary, according to the prevailing conditions; on a speci- 

 men from a spot recently bared of snow (Upernivik, May 

 10th; C. Ryder) I observed pale, flabby, dead leaves at the 

 apex of the shoots, but far down between them fresh leaves 

 occurred, some of which contained starch, and also flower- 

 buds were found (Fig. 24). Helgi Jonsson also found starch 

 in the living leaves in winter time. Kjellman writes (ac- 

 cording to citation in Sylvén, p. 287) regarding young plants 

 under cultivation: 'The plant passes through the winter in a 

 green condition, and at the end of the winter, continues its 

 development just where it was interrupted by the com- 

 mencement of winter," and Sylvén himself says: 'The plant 

 seems to pass the winter in an open rosette-stage; the outer 

 leaves, however, appear to become brown and withered at 

 an early stage." 



The seedling has, according to Kjellman (1901), an 

 epicotyl-shoot with elongated internodes. He says that" S. acau- 

 lis under cultivation belongs to the type with elongated 

 internodes." Sylvén mentions (p. 287) the young plants as 

 remaining in nature in a rosette-stage during the three first 

 years, but as distinctly, although only slightly, elongating 

 their internodes during the following years. Th. Resvoll 

 (1917; p. 141, Fig. 36) also found that the seedling develops 

 a leaf-rosette, which during the year of germination pro- 

 duces "as many as 3 shoot-generations of lateral branches." 

 Not until the 3rd year did the first individual flower. It 



