Caryophyllaceæ. 243 



higher order are also found in Sagina procumbens and 

 S. subulata, but hardly in all the Sagina-s-peci.es; I do not 

 think they are found in S. apetala for instance, nor in every 

 species of Minuartia. It is often difficult to decide the exact 

 condition, especially if the material to hand is not good. It 

 is very desirable that the above-named and other species 

 should be thoroughly investigated. 



In monopodial species a terminal flower has excep- 

 tionally been found on the main axis, but it expands later 

 than does the first flower on the lateral axes (Irmisch, Wydler). 

 The monopodial structure has been treated of by the follow- 

 ing authors: Ar. Braun (Flora, 1843); Irmisch (1848, pp.529 

 and 561; Bot. Ztg., 1850, p. 297); Wydler (Flora, 1851, 

 p. 328; 1859, p. 314); Godron (Flore de France, vol.1, 

 p. 245). 



The leaf-pairs in the rosettes alternate with each other 

 at acute angles, so that, for instance, first the 4th or 5th 

 leaf-pair stands under the 1st. 



The flowering lateral shoots appear, as a rule, to last 

 for two years only (this was observed in Minuartia biflora, 

 groenlandica and verna), but cases in which they last a longer 

 time may undoubtedly occur. 



In addition to the flowering lateral shoots, sterile mono- 

 podial shoots, like the primary axis, may also be developed. 

 Sometimes, some of these become prostrate, for instance in 

 Sagina nodosa, S. procumbens, S. Linn&i, Minuartia biflora 

 and M. verna, and may then strike roots. With this there 

 occurs a possibility for the formation of layers, and this 

 may happen, at any rate in the non-Arctic Sagina subulata. 

 As regards Minuartia biflora and verna Thekla Resvoll 

 states decidedly that she has not observed vegetative pro- 

 pagation; but it is possible that this may take place once 

 in a way in M . verna. In Sagina procumbens, on the other 



