Caryophyllaceæ. 299 



g: A— F, L. Ç: G— #. 



^4_C: £ from Greenland (about 68° N. lat.). D, Parts of £ from 

 East Finmark. E, dimerous pistil with ripe stigmas, e 1 (Greenland). 

 F, Different parts of $ from East Greenland (P. Eberlin); protogynous, 

 the anthers not yet opened, but the stigmas well-developed. (The 

 petals vary somewhat in form, which is an unimportant detail ; in the 

 same glass, specimens were found with petals of the usual forms). 



G: from West Greenland (about 67° N. lat.); $. H, from the 

 same place, larger $ flower (compare the two flowers, both mag. 3 l h; 

 also compare h 1 with g 1 ). J, from Greenland. K, from West Green- 

 land; $ with stamens abortive in various degrees; pollen-grains formed 

 in the three largest anthers, but thick-walled and irregular in form (A: 1 ). 



L: £ from Spitzbergen (Nathorst; 6. 8. 1882). (E.W.) 



10 stamens. But the number is reduced in the smaller 

 flowers and especially in those that flower during autumn 

 and winter; it is in the first instance the cor.-st. which are 

 subject to this reduction, but afterwards the cal.-st. also 

 often share the same fate, so that the number of functional 

 stamens may be as few as two (H. M. in Weit. Beob.). But 

 the nectaries of the suppressed cal.-st. usually remain. Ac- 

 cording, however, to Vaucher and A. Schulz the nectaries 

 may also vanish, or, at any rate, they fail to secrete honey, 

 even if present. 



Bennett and others have shown that they are self- 

 fertilizing during winter or in cold weather and so display 

 a transition to cleistogamy. 



$ are rare according to A. Schulz. According to Loew 

 a few $ are to be found on hermaphrodite plants. 



West Greenland (about 65° N. lat.). Appear to agree 

 exactly with European forms. 



9. Stellaria humifusa. Rottb. (Fig. 30). 

 West and East Greenland. Gynodioecism; gynomo- 

 noecism, £ > $; protandry, as a rare exception protogyny 

 (East Greenland), then homogamy. 



