Caryophyllaceæ. 305 



also germinating simultaneously on the stigmas. The styles 

 are thick, short, erect and covered with long papillæ down 

 to their base. Self-pollination principally takes place by the 

 erect position of the stamens, whereby the anthers approach 

 the styles. Sets fruit which ripens. 



Norway (Dovre: S. nivalis* cæspitosa?). Gynodioecism. 

 ? have small petals, and the stamens are abortive in varying 

 degrees, as some of the anthers contain worthless pollen, 

 and others are quite transparent. But there are also inter- 

 mediate forms with some of the stamens normal and the 

 others abortive, for instance with one normal and the rest 

 abortive. 



14. Arenaria ciliata L. (Fig. 33). 



Styles 3, 4, 5. 



In Greenland it sets fruit which ripens on Disco. 



Norway (Alten, Skjærstad). Gynomonoecism, £ about 

 = ?. 



g: Protandry with ensuing homogamy (Fig. 33, C and 

 c 1 ); the cor.-anth. may be partially open before the stigmas 

 are fully developed. Stigmas and anther may be found in 

 contact. The cal.-st. are rather erect, and the cor.-st. are 

 also bent somewhat inwards; they are almost equal in length 

 (Fig. 33, C and c 1 ). The styles are covered with stigmatic 

 papillæ along their upper 2 / 3 part. They ultimately bend so 

 decidedly outwards that they reach across the flower, but 

 at that time the anthers are probably always empty (Sakka- 

 bani, Alten; 10. 7. 1888). $ were found in a tuft together 

 with £ flowers, although not with perfect anthers; $ do not 

 differ constantly from £ as regards size (see Fig. E and a 2 ) 

 and have three outspreading styles (Fig. G). $ in the last 

 stage are 4 — 5 mm in diameter. The petals of £ are 4 — 4}/ 2 mm 

 in length. The stamens of £ are but slightly abortive; they 



