Caryophyllaceæ. 317 



relatively to the stamens. The stamens usually have very 

 short filaments and transparent anthers, but the size of the 

 glands is about as in $. The styles are 2 — 3 mm in length, 

 and finally they are straight, laterally outspread and highly 

 papillose (compare Fig. i 2 , k 2 and f 1 ). 



All the $ described above set fruit abundantly, at any 

 rate in Denmark, where, consequently, insects must be present 

 which pollinate them. Fruit is also set in West Greenland and 

 in Iceland. I have seen very small ? from Spitzbergen (Fig. 

 K) and Tromsö (Fig. L). The sepals were only 3 1 / 2 nun. 

 There was germinating pollen on the stigma of the flowers 

 from Spitzbergen, so there, also, pollinating insects must be 

 present, and a female plant had fruit on it (9. 8. 1882. Nat- 

 horst). 



$ seem to be very rare ; I have seen specimens only from 

 Spitzbergen and northernmost Norway; according to my 

 pocket-book notes they are not rare in Greenland ; but as re- 

 gards Greenland a confusion with S is possible, and my state- 

 ment in "Bestøvningsmaaden af nogle grønlandske Blomster", 

 p. 130, needs to be revised (see however North America; 

 note on p. 231). A specimen from Spitzbergen is shown in 

 Fig. E. They are of medium size and resemble more closely 

 <?, but the styles are longer, outspread and more highly 

 papillose; most likely the papillæ would have grown longer 

 than those in Fig. e 2 as the flower is hardly yet in its last 

 stage. As it is they stand midway between o and $. 



Monoecism. Near Molde on the coast of Norway I saw 

 fruit on a plant on which there were also withered o flowers. 



The case mentioned by me in 1878 in "Bot. Tidsskrift", 

 vol. 10, of vegetative shoots growing out after flowering and 

 developing vigorously above the uppermost flowers, I have 

 often observed since, for instance also in West Finmark; I have 

 now even seen these shoots begin themselves to flower, 

 xxxvii. 2i 



