Caryophyllaceæ. 323 



flowering period; it has protruding petals (Fig. C and D). 

 In this form the flowers do not become erect after flowering, 

 but remain nodding. Self-pollination appears inevitable, as 

 the anthers no doubt lie for a long time quite close to the 

 stigma, or else the pollen falls from them down upon it; an- 

 thers may also be found which are in direct contact with the 

 stigmas. I give a few figures of $ which show that the anthers 

 may be fairly normal in form, but they are transparent, 

 devoid of pollen and with crystals of calcium oxalate (Fig. 

 b 1 , b 2 , b 3 ). It is smaller than £ (Fig. B and A); the total 

 length about 12 mm against 17 mm; petals about 9 mm, 

 cal. -st. scarcely 5 mm and cor.-st. 3 mm, styles 2 mm, thicker 

 than usual (Fig. b 1 ). The ovary also appears larger, about 

 6 mm long. 



Th. Fries has established a variety arctica ("Tillägg. til 

 Spitzbergens Fanerogamflora" in Öfvers. of K. Vet. Ak. 

 Forhandl., 1869, p. 133); it has protruding petals, conse- 

 quently, it seems to come near to the above-mentioned form 

 which Lindman describes as being more staminate, and is 

 perhaps identical with it. In the flowers of this form from 

 Spitzbergen, which I have investigated, the limbs of the 

 petals were protruding and the anthers were standing just 

 at the throat, at a level with the uppermost tips of the 

 styles. They appeared to be protogynous. As an indication 

 of self-pollination may be mentioned that pollen was found 

 only on the upper end of the style, just where the cal.-anth. 

 could touch it, as long as the cor.-anth. w r hich were standing 

 at a lower level, had not dehisced. On the other hand, in a 

 flower in which the cor.-anth. also had dehisced, without 

 the cor.-st. having as yet become outspread, there was also 

 pollen on the middle of the style, separated off from that 

 of the upper part, and its situation corresponding to the 

 level of the lower anthers; it had not yet germinated, which, 



