Caryophyllaceæ. 333 



flowers which have the larger stamen-rudiments are larger 

 and have shorter stigmatic papilla?, while the flowers which 

 have smaller rudiments are smaller and have longer stigmatic 

 papillæ (compare Fig. B and E with C and F); the former are 

 nearer to the hermaphrodite condition, while the latter are 

 more decidedly female. About 3 / 4 of the style is covered with 

 papillæ. The pistil is 4 — 6 mm long, the styles about .'} mm, 

 and the ovary 2 — 3 1 / 2 mm; consequently, there is no great 

 difference between the size of the ovary in the 3 flower and 

 Ç, as Fig. J), E, F also shows. 



Ripe fruit is set in Greenland; in the capsules investi- 

 gated I have however found many aborted ovules besides the 

 ripe seeds, of which there were often only 2 — 4 in each capsule. 

 This is indicative of defective pollination. 



Spitzbergen. Dioecism. The S flowers agree with 

 those from Greenland. Petals 10 mm and cal.-st. 8 mm. 

 Aurivillus is of opinion that the passage to the honey is 

 shorter in Spitzbergen flowers than in those from southern 

 countries; this 1 regard however as doubtful. 



Iceland (North coast; St. Stefansson). Monoecism, 

 dioecism, andromonoecism. ; protandrous; the corolla-tube 

 short, "3 — 4 nun; ?: the tips of the styles protrude before the 

 flower opens. Petals as much as 7 mm, corolla-tube 5 mm. 

 Sterile stamens as much as 4 x / 2 mm, pistil 8 mm, of which 

 the styles occupy 3 — 4 mm; consequently, unusually large 

 female flowers. Stefansson has gathered flowers from the 

 same place, which are 9, but approach closely to y : the anthers 

 are transparent and without fibrous cells; the cal. -stamens 

 are altogether 8 mm long; the pistil is 5 mm, and the styles 

 are somewhat shorter than in ?. 



Norway, Sweden. (I have examined specimens from 

 Finmark, Nordland, Dovre, Tronfjæld, Areskutan and 

 Jemteland). Trioecism, but 3 and $ have been found on the 

 xxxvn 22 



