25 
After. flowering the pedicel rises straight into the air and 
the sepals close round the valves of the fruit (Fig. 13; Fig. 14 G), 
Fig. 15. Cassiope hypnoides. (From West Greenland.) 
A, Flower in longitudinal section. B, Flower seen from above. C, Pistil with the slightly 
lobed nectary. D,E,F, Stamens. (E. W., 1885.) 
Cassiope tetragona (L.) Don. 
Warmine, 1885, p.175, figs.5, 6; p.203; 1886 b, p.118 ; 1886 — 
87, p. 108, fig. 2. Exsram, 1898, p.9. Apromeir, 1899, p. 48. 
Anpversson & Hesserman, 1900, p.43. Hasıunv, 1905, p.24. Syrven, 
1906, I, p. 130, tab. IX. 
Material preserved in spirit from Greenland, Spitzbergen 
and Finmark; observations from Greenland and Finmark. 
A dwarf shrub of the Calluna-type. The older stems, which 
attain, although rarely, to a length of from !/2 to */4 metre, 
are prostrate and form extremely slender and abundantly branch- 
ing roots; they are often overgrown by mosses, lichens and 
other plants as also covered by soil. The plant has a strong 
primary root which keeps alive during the whole of its life, 
while the adventitious roots are not of much importance. 
The present species is chiefly or almost exclusively propagated 
by seed. The primary shoot has been described by Sytven. 
The cotyledons are oval. The primordial leaves and the second 
year’s leaves are flat. After that the leaves gradually attain the 
well-known form which is shewn in my figures 16 and 17 and 
in Hessıns E. Perersen’s figure. 
