37 
stamens stand close to the pistil; they reach about half way 
up the corolla or somewhat higher. Just above their slender 
bases the filaments suddenly grow very thick and then gradually 
thinner again (Fig. 24 E); they are covered with short, stiff hairs, 
and on the swollen part with small pointed warts. The anthers 
are dark crimson; at first they are horizontal so that the small, 
terminal, hornlike appendages turn directly outwards or some- 
what downwards (Fig. 24 H, I); afterwards they are tilted up, 
so that the appendages are turned rather more upwards. Finally 
they open by a very wide pore which turns inwards and upwards 
(Fig. 24 E, F,G). The appendages are short, thick and glabrous, 
or almost so (Fig. 24 D, E, H, I, K); sometimes they are totally 
absent (Fig. 24 B, C). 
The pistil is green and glabrous (Fig. 24 D), and the base 
appears to secrete honey! (Fig. 24 D). 
The stigma has low antisepalous protuberances; it is situated 
at somewhat varying levels (Fig. 24 D, K). 
The flowers are homogamous, or perhaps they begin by 
being protogynous for a very short time. The stigma is viscid, 
even in the bud, and can retain the pollen-grains (Fig. 24 M). 
But the anthers open either simultaneously with the corolla, 
or after the latter has expanded. 
Self-pollination may very easily take place and appears to 
do so regularly and very early. It is facilitated by the pores 
of the anthers being very wide and by the large stigma taking 
up so much space inside the throat of the corolla, beneath the 
anthers, that the pollen must almost inevitably fall upon it 
(compare Fig. 24 B, K). 
If insects visit the plant, cross-pollination may take place, 
the stigma being the part first touched; but the flowers open 
so very early in spring and in such winterly surroundings, that 
1 SKOTTSBERG is of opinion that it is the base of the corolla which secretes 
honey; he mentions "10 Gruben in Grunde der Krone, halbdurchsichtig.” 
