58 
branched (Fig. 39 A, B). Fig. 38 C shews a vertical rhizome 
with a single foliage-leaf and terminating in an inflorescence 
which is now dead; it was overgrown by Sphagnum; two slender 
shoots bearing scale-leaves arise from it straight into the air. 
Fig. 40 D is a runner which has risen above the ground and 
formed an aerial part bearing a single foliage-leaf. 
Each aerial year's-shoot bears some thin scale-leaves at 
its base besides one to three foliage-leaves (compare Fig. 40 
B and C). The latter may remain green two (to four) years 
(Fig. 40 A; Fig. 41) and may afterwards remain on the branches 
in process of decay for a longer time before crumbling away. 
The aerial part of the shoot may attain an age of several years 
Fig. 39. Pirola rotundifolia var. grandiflora. 
A—C, Parts of different runners, shewing the positions of the roots and branches, as also 
the form of the shoot-apices. D, P. chlorantha (from Denmark), the runner is rising above 
the ground (almost natural size). Z, F, Parts of different runners. (E. W.) 
before its growth is stopped by a terminal inflorescence; it 
then dies down to the uppermost lateral shoot (Fig. 38 A). 
Vegetative reproduction takes place by means of the run- 
ners, hence this species often occurs in patches, forming 
fairly large clusters in copses and on moors; but as the run- 
ners are long and wide-spreading it nevers occurs as a dense 
covering. 
The flowers have a faint perfume suggestive of that of the 
Lily of the Valley. The petals are white, tinged with rose-red 
especially towards the margin; the calyx and the pedicels are 
deep-red. 
While flowering the petals are widely expanded (Fig. 42) so 
that the corolla is wheel-shaped, measuring from 14 to 30 mm. 
