96 H. MØLHOLM HANSEN 
extending like green or brownish-green bands down the greyish 
slopes were, where the soil was damp, overgrown with grass and 
cyperaceous plants, others, on the other hand, had a dwarfish heath 
vegetation where as usual Empetrum was dominant in company 
with Vaccinium uliginosum and Salix herbacea. In the greater de- 
pressions this heath vegetation was very abundant. In such a de- 
pression I observed: Empetrum, Vaccinium uliginosum and Myrtillus, 
Salix herbacea and glauca, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Leontodon au- 
tumnalis, Phleum alpinum, Rumex acetosa, Coeloglossum viride, Aira 
flexuosa and several others.” 
“On small flat, sometimes almost horizontal, ledges far up 
the mountain, c. 1500—2000‘ above the sea, but notably in the 
cup-shaped depressions and smaller round valleys where the snow 
remains until far into the early summer, and a layer of humus has 
gradually formed on the rocky bottom, the dwarf willow becomes 
entirely dominant. This small very hardy dwarfish growth in such 
localities forms a dense “half-inch wood” which covers large areas 
of the barren rocky ground like oases.” Of flowering plants I 
noted the following in a large area of dwarf willows: Salix glauca 
(few and small specimens), Poa alpina, Aira alpina, Thalictrum al- 
pinum, Cerastium alpinum, Thymus serpyllum, Erigeron alpinus, 
Luzula spicata, L. arcuata, Galium silvestre, Oxyria digyna, Armeria 
maritima, Phleum alpinum, Polygonum viviparum, Festuca rubra, Ra- 
nunculus acer, Gnaphalium supinum, Rumex acetosa, Carex lagopina, 
C. rigida. Further Alchemilla vulgaris and Sibbaldia were intermixed 
with the dwarf willow covering, but these plants also formed dense 
growths on damp spots rich in humus. The common heath plants 
Dryas, Empetrum, and Juncus trifidus occurred in very small quan- 
tity. But this composition of the species varies somewhat according 
to the varying degree of moisture of the soil. Thus, on a cold and 
damp slope with a north-eastern exposure, where the turf was 
chiefly formed of Salix herbacea, in addition to many of the above- 
mentioned plants I noted the following: Cerastium trigynum, Ra- 
nunculus pygmeeus (in several places these two latter species are 
found as associates), Saxifraga stellaris, Veronica alpina, Epilobium 
alpinum, all in quantity; further Taraxacum officinale, Equisetum 
variegatum, and Alchemilla alpina.” 
On pp. 194--195: “the three latter (Gnaphalium norvegicum, 
G. supinum, and Sibbaldia procumbens) occurred here and there in 
small depressions and grooves in such quantity that they formed 
