98 H. MØLHOLM HANSEN 
opeta, Saliceta (herbacea) and Sibbaldieta in irregular and confusing 
intermixture. Interspersed among them there are many herbs which 
do not belong to the fell field, especially the herbs of the heather 
moor. There is no well-marked limit here, but the fell field may 
be plainly distinguished by the fact that the plants of the heather 
moor are not able to form any heath but grow in paiches or as 
scattered specimens, and that the small characteristic Saliceta (her- 
bacea) and Sibbaldieta of the fell field have begun to appear.” 
H. Jonsson distinguishes between the following 5 types of vege- 
tation in the fell field: gravelly flats, screes, the Anthelia-crust, the 
Salix herbacea and Sibbaldia vegetation, and the Philonotis fontana dy. 
I. The gravelly flats. “With the exception of the naked 
rocks, the gravelly flats are those parts of the fell-field which are 
poorest in vegetation. In the upper part of the fell-field they are 
exceedingly poor in plants, especially if they are exposed; in the 
lower part of the exposed flats often only a solitary Ranunculus 
glacialis or a solitary Cerastium alpinum is met with. On less ex- 
posed flats in the lower part of the fell-field a considerably richer 
vegetation is met with.” In such a locality Salix herbacea and Al- 
chemilla alpina occurred in patches, further Armeria, Aira alpina, 
Luzula spicata, Oxyria digyna, Cerastium alpinum, Silene acaulis, 
Arabis petræa, Galium silvestre, and Saxifraga cespitosa. 
“On the gravelly flats which are studded with small shelter- 
givers, small stones dispersed more or less closely over the flat, we 
meet with the richest vegetation which can occur on a gravelly flat 
in the fell-field. Round the little stones there occur narrow fringes 
of Grimmia hypnoides. In the Grimmia fringes grow the most 
frequently occurring plants of the fell-field. 
Il. The screes. “From the last-mentioned gravelly flats there 
occur the smoothest transitions to the screes. When the shelter- 
givers, the scattered stones, become larger and occur closer together, 
the surface loses the character of a gravelly flat and must be re- 
garded as a scree with small stones. Here Grimmia hypnoides is the 
most important plant, though it does not form heath.” “As regards 
the plants intermixed with it, we must distinguish between the upper 
and the lower fell-field, or levels above and below 600 m.” 
In the upper fell field there is as a rule only an intermixture of 
lichens, the phanerogams are poorly represented. “Thus, in the 
upper part of the fell-field on Snæfellsnes Jökull at an altitude of 
600 m. only the following species were met with: Armeria maritima, 
