118 KEY TO SUB-CLASSES, ORDERS AND GENERA. 
KEY TO THE CHIEF SUB-DIVISIONS—cont. 
(ii) Leaves small in proportion to stem, the fertile ones almost always 
confined to a particular region :— 
(1) Leaves not in whorls, the fertile ones flat with sporangia in their 
axils :— Lis — as see ae +. LYCOPODINER. 
(2) Leaves in whorls, the fertile ones peltate forming a spike at the apex 
of the stem bearing sporangia on their inner faces :— ... HQUI8ETINER, 
EXCEPTIONS. 
PHANEROGAMIA.—Exceptions mainly teratological; certain flowers may acci- 
dentally (Sterculia, Triumfetta, etc. ) have pistil, less often stamens, or constantly 
(Green Kose of gardens) both these whorls replaced by leafy organs; garden double 
flowers may have no proper stamens, these being replaced by petals; certain fruits 
(Musa, etc. :) may have no pips owing to ovules not developing into seeds. 
ANGIOSPERM A).—Carpels open and young seeds naked from an early stage in 
some species (Sterculia colorata, etc.), but stigma present and carpels closed prior to 
fertilization. Partial orcomplete absence of perianth is noted under the various sub- 
divisions. 
DICOTYLEDONES.—Parallel divergent veins in the leaves of some GUTTIFER®, 
Myrtace®, and Urticace®, but without 3-mery of perianth. The 3-merous Dicoty- 
ledons are met with in MAGNoLIACEm, ANONACE®, MENISPERMACES, distinguished from 
Monocotyledons with reticulate leaves by having 9 perianth lobes instead of 6, or if 
only 6 (ANONACE” sometimes) by having carpels free; also in some HUPHORBIACEX 
which have only 3 perianth lobes instead of 6; in Amoora (MrtiacE), Sonerila (Mr- 
LASTOMACE®), Maba (EBENACE#), and a few other genera which have all characteristics 
which distinguish them from the recticulated leaved monocotyledons (Dioscorea and 
Smilaz). 
TEA LAMIFLORZE,_Potale more or less united at the base in TERNSTR@MIACED 
TAMARISCACEE, OLACACE®, AQUIFOLIACEA, etc., absent at times in RANUNCULACE®, Brx- 
ACEM, STERCULIACEM, SAPINDACEX, OLaCACE®, RHAMNACE®, etc :— 
CALYCIFUOR Ai.—UCalyx tube very short or sepals free in some LEGUMINOS®, RosA- 
cEm, SaAMyDACEm; Petals absent sometimes in those orders and in CoMBRETACEA, 
LYTHRACE®, DATISCACES. 
COROLLIFLORA).—Coroila may be absent in Olea (OLEACE) ; petals may be free 
in Olea (OLEACEX), 
Azima (SALVADORACE#), STYRACEZ; stamens are indefinite in STYRACE#, and some- 
times HBENACE. 
INCOMPLETA.—Petals occasionally present in: EUPHORBIACEZ; perianth 
similarly 2-seriate in some LavracE®#; calyx and Corolla distinct in Loranthus, 
[ Note.—This sub-divisions eems to be a relic of the artificial system still retained in the 
natural system, Myristicacrm is undoubtedly much nearer to ANoNACER, and 
SANTALACE® and LORANTHACEX® to OLACACE# than to some of their companions in 
INCOMPLETH ; PLATANACE®% approaches HAMAMELIDACEZ; ULMACK# is probably near 
TILIACE® ; and doubtless most other orders could be placed in the other sub-divisions 
in a similar fashion. | 
GY MNOSPERM Ai.—Imperfect perianth occurs in the flowers of Gnetum. 
PTERIDOPHYTA.—In Lycopdium the fertile organs are aggregated in a conical 
mass simulating an inflorescence. In certain Fruices also (e.g., Acrostichum) the 
limitation of sporangia to definite fronds gives rise to a similar appearance. 
Key to orders. 
(Note.—The Synopsis shows the connections, the Key the differences.) 
THALAMIFLORA, 
(I) Sepals usually imbricated in bud; if valvate (RANUNCULACE®) then with 
sepals free, leaves opposite, stamens many, and fruitlets separate; or (SAPIN- 
packm, Nephelium) with leaves compound paripinnate, and seeds arillate :— 
(i) Sepals usually free; if united below (SapinDAcE®, Schleichera, 
Nephelium) with compound alternate paripinnate leaves, or (SAPINDACER, 
Turpinia) with compound opposite imparipinnate ones :— 
(1) Stamens indefinite (more than 12); if definite (CAPPARIDACE#, one 
Capparis 3) then with 4 sepals, 4 petals and a berried fruit on a long gynophore ; 
