KEY TO SUB-CLASSES, ORDERS AND GENERA. 131 
MONOCOTYLEDON ES—cont. 
l-seriate and calycine, or reduced to bristles or wanting; ovary always 
superior :— 
(i) Perianth regularly 2-seriate, segments of each series 3-merons, caly- 
cine, rigid or herbaceous; ovary syncarpous with albuminous seeds; frnit 
indehiacent, embryo not enclosed within the albumen :— 
(1) Leaves long, simple, with numerous parallel veins; embryo Jenti- 
cular applied outside the albumen near the hilum; climbing shrubs :— 
CXX—FLAGELLARIACER, 
(2) Leaves broadly-flabellate plicate or pinnatisect, rarely (Caryota) 
bipinnate ; embryo situated in a small pit near the periphery of the albumen; 
flowers in panicled or spiked spadices enclosed in 1 or more spathes; trees, or 
erect or climbing shrubs :— : .. CXXI—Patma, 
(3) Leaves flabellate-plicate, deeply cut into 2—5 divisions ; flowers 
disposed in squares arranged very close together in a spiral manner forming 
cylindrical spikes which when young are enclosed witbin 4 spathes, each square 
consisting of 4 males surrounding 1 female; male flowers with a many lobed 
calyx and many stamens; female with 4 sepals, 4 staminodes, a square ovary 
surmounted by a cross-like stigma, ee a square sided berry with many 
seeds :— . ww. CXXII—CyYcrantTHaAces, 
(ii) Raeranth: radnacd to Beraeled or sc sales, or O:— 
(1) Inflorescence of many-or few- flowered spadices or spikes, flowers 
never being solitary and, placed in the axils of modified glumaceous bracts :— 
(A) Aquatic or marsh plants ; flowers in spadices which are not covered 
by a spathe or spathaceous bracts, but are cylindric or globose, 
1-sexual, snperposed, and naked or 1-bracteate at base ; perianth 
of filiform bristles or membranous scales ; leaves elongated, linear, 
parallel-veined, unarmed :— : ae ee CXXIV—Tyruaces. 
(B) Terrestial or epiphytic plants ; flowers in spadices usually subtended 
by a much moditied spathe :— 
(a) Trees or erect or scandent shrubs ; flowers diecious ; perianth O ; 
leaves ensiform, parallel- veined, usually spinulose along the 
edges and midrib beneath ; spadices with spathaceous little 
modified bracts, fascicled or panicled ; seeds a]buminous :— 
CXXITI—PanDANACE, 
(b) Epiphytic scandent plants ; flowers moncecious in the same spadix, 
rarely hermaphrodite, very rarely dicecious ; perianth 0, or of 
imbricating scales; leaves various, reticulately veined ; spadix 
simple, with or without an appendage (usually fusiform) 
projecting beyond the flowering portion, with usually a much 
modified and generally enveloping subtending spathe ; albumen 
present or O :— bs = CXXV—Anacka. 
(2) Inflorescence of hermaphrodite or l- sexual flowers in spikelets with 
imbricating glumes; perianth segments small, scale-like, represented by a 2- 
nerved palea and 2 lodicules, or O; ovary 1- locular, ovule 1 erect or ascending ; 
fruit a caryopsis with the seed- coat adhering to the pericarp, very rarely free 
withir, embryo at the base of the albumen ; stems usnally hollow except at the 
nodes; leaves distichous (very pu spiral), sheaths almost always ligulate 
behind, and split in front :— . ae eae Bec .. CXXVI— GRAMINACES, 
PTERIDOPHYTA. 
(I) Leaves large in proportion to the stem, the fertile ones, not confined to a 
particular region, bearing sporangia (spore vessels) on their lower surfaces :— 
(i) Sporangia with a ring :-— 
(1) Ring equatorial, encircling the sporangium transversely :— 
CXXVII—GLEICHENIACES. 
(2) Ring equatorial, encircling the spdrangium vertically :— 
CXXVIII—Potyropiacra, 
(3) Ring opercular, crowning the sporangium:— ... CXXIX—Scuizmacez, 
(ii) Sporangia without a ring, opening down one side, marginal or dorsal :— 
CXX X—MARATTIACER, 
(Ii) Leaves small in proportion to the stem, not whorled, the fertile ones 
with sporangla axillary ; sporangia uniform :— sag +: OXXXI—Lycoropracez. 
= 9-A 
