156 KEY TO SUB-CLASSES, ORDERS AND GENERA. 
LVII—CACTACEA —cont. 
(B) Tubercles on branches mostly unarmed with spines; perianth 
erect and drawn together at the top; flowers crimson; 
stamens longer than the corolla, shorter than the style :-— 
cdly—Nopalea. 
(ii) Unarmed, or armed only at the base of the flowers; stems thin 
cylindric; branches shortly jointed, leaf-like :— 
(1) Flowers solitary arising from extremities of branches; perianth 
segments almoss all petaloid ; stamens numerous, biseriate :— 
cdliii—Epiphyllum. 
(2) Flowers solitary, arising from the rounded sinuses of flattened leaf-like 
branches ; calyx tube with small sepaloid segments scattered on it; petals 
arrangei in a rose-like, funnel, or salver-shaped corolla; stamens attached to 
the orifice of the tube, o1ter ones larger than the inner :— edliv—Phyllocactus, 
(II) Stem woody with axillary fascicles of spines; leaves elliptic, fleshy ; 
flowers 2—4 at the tops of branches, single, rose-like ; calyx divided into leafy 
segments; petals rosy-coloured; stamens many, free; style with a many- 
rayed stigma :— ... a 2 set eee re ae ... cdlvii—Pereskia. 
LVIJI—UMBELLIFERA — 
(I) Characters of the order (q.v. in the Synopsis) :— ... ¢edlviii—Bupleurum. 
LIX—ARALIACE A— 
[dnatomecal features—Canals in bark and pith filled with resin or gum. In many 
species vascular bundles are found in the pith. The wood is light and soft, and many 
species have a large pith, among others Futsia papyrifera. Young branchlets are 
almost always dotted with white or light coloured lenticels, as are the leaf sheaths 
and petioles, | 
(I) Petals imbricated (lightly) ; pedicels jointed :— 
(i) Styles 2—5, free; leaves pinnately compound :— ae ... ¢dlix---Aralia, 
(ij) Styles 5, connate; leaves digitate:— ... me ... ¢dlxiii—Pentapanax. 
(iii) Styles 2—4, free; leaves digitate:— ... ae 5 cdlxii—Schefflera, 
(II) Petals valvate; albumen uniform :— 
(i) Ovary 2-celled; pedicels jointed; leaves variously pinnately com- 
pound :— 50 ut Sh Ae a ee ee Bee ... cdlxiv—Panax. 
(ii) Jvary 4 —10-celled; pedicels continuous ; leaves not pinnate :— 
(1) Leaves large palmatifid; styles filiform distinct from the base with 
small terminal stizias ; fruit largish, subglobose with fleshy exocarp :— cdlx—Fatsia. 
(2) Leaves digitate :— 
(A) Flowers in umbels, panicles or in compound racemes :—~ 
cdlxvi- Heptapleurom, 
(B) Flowers capitate :-—- ae tn “os cdlxvii—Brassaia, 
(iii) Ovary 4—10-celled ; pedicels jointed ; leaves simply pinnate :— 
cedlxv—Polyscias. 
(III) Petals valvate; albumen ruminated :-- 
(i) Ovary 2-celled; styles distinct; pedicels continuous; leaves pin- 
nately decompound :— so 5 aes Bee oF: cdlxviii— Heteropanax. 
(ii) Ovary 3 —7-celled ; styles distinct ; leaves simple strap-shaped :— 
cedlxi—Oreopanax. 
(ii) Ovary 4—5-celled ; styles combined; pedicels continuous; leaves 
simple, lobed :— 5. ae Bae o: Be “fy +: .. cdlxix—Hedera, 
LX— CORNACEA— 
(I) Petals Jong, linear; stamens more numerous than petals:— cdlxx-—Alangium. 
(II) Petals short ; stamens isomerous with petals :— 
(i) Ovary 2-celled :— Bas sue as 5 See ... ¢dlxsxi—Cornus. 
(ii) Ovary l-velled:— wae ae ae “A: ove ...cdlxxii— Mastixia, 
LXI—CAPRIFOLIACEA— 
[Anatomical features.—In most genera the wood fibres have bordered pits. As tar 
as is known, the wood of the climbing species (Lonicera) has normal structure with 
numerous, and, in some species, large vessels. ] 
