KEY TO SUB-CLASSES, ORDERS AND GENERA. 177 
XC— PH YTOLACCACE-- ‘ 
([) Characters of the order (q.v. in the Synopsis) :— uee ... declxi—Rivina, 
XCI—POLYGONACE-- 
(1) Flowers rosy-pink or white, racemed, tendrilled at the apex of the rachis ; 
perianth of 5 segments, 3 outer cordate, 2 inner oblong ; froit a nut, enclosed in 
persistent perianth :— ‘ ide rp e soe : deelxii— Antigonon. 
(II) Flowers white, spicate-racemose, not tendrilled; perianth accrescent, 
becoming purple and fleshy surrounding the ripe fruit.—- oe declxiv-—Coccoloba. 
(IIT) Flowers white, in lateral fascicles, subsessile ; perianth 5-fid; fruit a 
berry, first: bright red, then deep purple :— a ome decliiimMnuehlenbeckia. 
(IV) Flowers white, pink, or purple, capitate; perianth 4-5 cleft; fruit a 
nut:— ... + an nde es x *. see .  declxvy—Polygonum, 
XCIT--ARISTOLOC HIACEA— 
[Anatomical featwres.~-Oil cells in the parenchyma of tke leaves and outer bark 
are common in most species, The wood is very porous, the structure is usnally 
normal with broad medullary rays and large vessels, the wood fibres have bordered 
pits. The radial wedge-shaped masses of wood often appear bifurcated by the forma- 
\ tion of broad secondary medullary rays. The wood of Bragentia is peculiar. } 
(1) Perianth regular, campanulate, 3-lobed :— te “ dceclxvi—Bragantia, 
(I!) Perianth irregolar, tubalar with inflated base, limb zygomorphic :— 
deelxvii—Aristolochia, 
XCITII--PIPERACE H— 
[Anatomical features.—The wood is separated by broad medullary rays into wedge- 
shaped masses. Pith large, with numerous vascular bundles, anda hard undulating 
belt, mostly consisting of sclerotic fibres, on the outside. | 
(I) Characters of the order (q.v. in the Synopsis) :— es ... @celxviii—Piper, 
XCIV-—-CHLORANTH ACE A— 
(1) Characters of the order (q.v. in the Synopsis) :-— ..  declxix—Chloranthus, 
XCV—MYRISTICACE H— 
[ Anatomical features.—Hairs peculiar, mostly consisting of one row of superposed, 
generally branching and often horizontal, cells. The branches, or ends, of the cells 
spread ont in 2, or several, directions. often giving the appearance of stellate hairs. 
Medullary rays numerous, very fine. The bark of most species contains long sacs 
filled with brown or red juice. | 
[Botanical note.—Justly placed near [V.—ANoNAcEz in Engler u. Prantl. ] 
(1) Characters of the order (q.v. in the Synopsis) :— .-. declxx—Mpyristica. 
XCVI—LAURACEA— 
[Anatomical featwres.—Laurels as far as known, have no heart wood, the timber 
is not heavy, not hard, that of many species is handsome, and of some very durable. 
From a forest point of view the order deserves more attention than it has hitherto 
received; and it should be borne in mind that their aromatic essential oil may give to 
some species, not yet known commercially, considerable importance for perfumery 
and in other ways. Medullary rays fine, uniform and equidistant. Vessels smal] or 
moderate sized, uniformly distributed. In the parenchyma of young shoots, of leaves, 
bracts and perianth, as well as in the bark, and often alsoin the wood, large cells 
filled with essential oil, and frequently also cells filled with mucilage. In the bracts 
and perianth, the oil cells are readily seen as transparent dots. Hairs always 
l-cellular. As far as known, Laurels coppice well. | 
[Botanical note.—This order is placed in Engler u. Prantl. in the vicinity of 
V.—MEnNIsPERMACEx and VI—BERBERIDACE2. | 
(I) Trees and shrubs; inflorescence lax ; leaves not peltate; anther valves 
ening anpwards:— ; L 
% (i) Boars hermaphrodite or polygamous, panicled, exinvolucrate; an- 
thers of 2 outermost rows opening inwards, of third row opening outwards :— 
12 
