CII—EUPHORBIACEA—cont. 
(b) Filaments connate in bundles, stamens many :— 
(x) Flowers usually dioecious, in axillary spikes; leaves narrow or 
KEY TO SUB-CLASSES, ORDERS AND GENERA. 183 
small, penninerved:— .. 5d ... deecliii—Homonoia. 
(8) Flowers monoecious, in terminal androgynous panicles ; leaves 
large, 7—8-costate and lobed :— oy ... deccliv—Ricinus, 
(D) Sepals or calyx-segments of male valvate; twining shrubs; 
racemes androgynous :— 
(a) Stamens 1—3; racemes not capitate ; bracts small; stinging 
plants ; leaves simple or lobed, 3-5-costate:— ... decclvii—Tragia, 
(b) Stamens 20—30; racemes capitate: bracts large involucrate; 
leaves lobed or 3-foliate, 3—7-costate :— 
decelviii—Dalechampia. 
CIII—ULMACE 4-- 
[Anatomical features.—Cystolith cells: often conspicuous in the epidermis. No 
laticiferous tubes. | 
(1) Fruit a suborbicular winged samara :— aes ... dcecelxii—Holoptelea, 
(IL) Fruit a drupe :— 
(i) Sepals of male imbricate : — 
(1) Leaves aa coriaceous (one species very coriaceous), 3-costate, 
stipules free :— : - : ... decclxiii—Celtis. 
(2) Leaves coriaceous, penninerved, stipules connate conyolute :— 
dcece!xv—Gironniera, 
(ii) Sepals of male in duplicate-valvate ; leaves silvery-downy-backed, 3—7- 
costate, stipulesfree:— ... sf one “= ne ne ..- deeclxyi—Trema, 
CIV—MORACEZ (OR ARTOCARPACE2)— 
[Anatomical features.—Bast fibres strongly developed in the bark, often very long, 
useful for manufacture of paper, cloths aud ropes. Cystolith celis conspicuous in the 
epidermis. Continuous—not articulated—laticiferous tubes in bark and leaves. } 
(I) Fruit the result of one flower :— 
(i) Flowers usually dioecious, male flowers subcapitate, female solitary, 
rarely, (Streblus), 2—4 together :-— 
(1) Spinous; perianth of female 3—4 lanceolate sepals, enlarging and 
enclosing the fruit:— ... ... decelxvii— Phyllochlamys, 
(2) Unarmed ; perianth of female 4 ‘sepals, accrescent, fleshy and clasp- 
ing the truit: — ‘ fa - ve ak ... decclxviii—Streblus., 
(ii) Flowers monoecious :— 
(1) Male flowers crowded on a fleshy disciform receptacle surrounded 
by imbricate bracts, female solitary in a pyriform involucre of many bracts; 
sepais, male 4, female O; stamens 3—8; vvary1:— ... ... decclxxiy—<Antiaris. 
(2) Male and female flowers solitary alternating with one another along 
tke same branch; perianth a hemispherical cup of several united scales; 
stamens many; ovaries many:— .... fas aa esis e. dececlxxyi— Castilloa, 
(11) Fruit a fig (syconiwm), the result of many minute 1-sexual flowers 
. inserted inside a subglobose or turbinate hollow closed receptacle, which be- 
comes fleshy in fruit :— --- decclxxiii—Ficus. 
(IIL) Fruit a sorosis, or syncarpium consisting " of the fleshy perianth of 
many flowers, outside a globose or cylindric receptacle, merging together into a 
single compound fruit :— 
(i) Spinously armed ; leaves penninerved :— 
(1) Stamens exserted; syncarpium few seeded :— 
decclxx—Plecospermum, 
(2) Stamens included ; syncarpium many seeded:— ... dcecclxxv—Cudrania. | 
(ii) Unarmed trees :-— 
(1) Leaves 3--7-costate, often lobed :— 
(A) Ripe carpels pendulous on long fleshy stalks :— 
decclxix—Broussonetia. 
(B) Ripe carpels sessile and enclosed in the synearpium :— 
decclxxii—Morus 
