196° KEY TO SUB-CLASSES, ORDERS AND GENERA. 
CxXXI—PALM Ai—cont. 
(F) Leaves small, fan-shaped or semiorbicular, 5—7 partite to the 
rachis, segments indented, erose at apex, ciliate-spinulose along 
the edges and costae, petioles round ancipital, sheaths split into 
a fibrous net-work ; stem short, slender, cane-like, sheathed by 
persistent bases of leaves; spadix branched, sheathed in 
incomplete spathe ; fruit of 1---3 small obovoid berries :— 
mv——Rhapis. 
(ii) Flowers dicecious, males minute sunk in the cavities, of catkin-like 
branches with glumaceous perianth, females very large sessile on very short 
branches of a very stout spadix, each clothed with large coriaceous rounded 
bracts ; fruit a drupe of 1—-3 pyrenes, secds with testa adhering to the pyrenes :— 
(1) Leaves medium to large, fan-shaped, multifid to two-thirds of their 
length in males with linear flexible segments, to one-third of their length in 
females with ensiform rigid segments, petiole serrate-toothed but scarcely 
spinous ; stem tall, covered with leaf sheaths for a long period, ultimately 
annulate, gouty based, and usually more swollen at apex than in the middle; 
Spadix very large, simply branched ; drupe large, brown to black, subglobose, 
with thinly flesny pericarp and 1— fibrous, cbcordate, pyrenes:— ... mx——Borassus. 
(2) Leaves very large to huge, oblong-fan-shaped, multifid, petiole 
Spinous ; stem erect, columnar, base rounded and fitting into a bowl or socket of 
same consistence as the nuts; fruit a large drupe with fibrous pericarp and 1--3 
hard, black, pyrenes divided half way down :— es Be .-. mxix-—Lodoicea. 
(3) Leaves medium, fan-shaped or sub-orbicular, multifid to one-to two- 
thirds their length, usually glaucous, one species the segments margined with 
chocolate, another species with golden ribs, petiole glaucous, chocolate, or golden, 
unarmed; stems short, annulate; fruit yellowish, subtrigonous-globose, with 
3 rough pyrenes covered with a bony net-work :— ae .. mxi—Latania 
CXXII--CYCLANTHACE A— 
(I) Characters of order (q.v. in the Synopsis); leaves small to medium, 
palm-like, usually 4-(2—5-) partite to apex of petiole, segments lobed, pleated :— 
mxx—Carludovica. 
CXXITI--PANDANACEA-- 
[Anatomical features.—A transverse section through the stem shows numer- 
ous fibrovascular bundles, each consisting of a great hard horny mass of wood- 
fibres with one or several groups of vessels and sieve tubes. The leaf traces 
bend inwards from the leaf trace and join on to other fibrovascular bundles, but 
they do not show a regular bend outwards as in the case of the Palms. ] 
(I) Characters of the order (q.v.in the Synopsis) :--_.. ... mxxi--Pandanus. 
CXXIV—TYPHACEA— 
(I) Characters of the order (q.v. in the Synopsis):-- _... .. mxxii—Typha, 
CXXV—ARACK A— 
(I) Flowers unisexual, monoecious ; spadix without an appendage :—— 
(i) Stem scandent, mostly epiphytic -—— 
(1) Leaves pedately divided ; spadix wholly covered with flowers, males 
above, consisting of 4—5 two-celled anthers opening by pores, females below, 
consisting of casual ovaries fused together each 1-celled and seeded ; spathe 
greenish yellow encircling spadix :-— : wo oe ... mxxiii—Syngonium. 
(2) Leaves large, often irregularly lobed, articulated to petiole, veins 
very small and densely crowded ; spadix wholly covered with flowers, maies 
above with sessile anthers opening at apex, sterile flowers intermediate, female 
below, consisting of a many celled ovary with many ovules attached to the inner 
angle of each cell by funicles ; spathe short of ihe same size as the spadix, 
opening after fertilization of flowers, diciduous when fruit ripens :— 
mxxiii-—Philodendron, 
(ii) Stem erect or partially procumbeut, fleshy, short, shrubby ; leaves 
usually oblong, green or more usually variegated with white or yellow, penni- 
nerved, nerves first divergent then curving upwards and uniting on the margin, 
petiole fleshy and sheathing at base; spadix wholly covered with flowers, male 
above, female below consisting of an ovary with sessile stigma and 2—4 stamin- 
odes ; spathe green or yellow remaining fresh (not marcescent) until the fruit is 
ta kM ws ws ees ws: EXV—~Dieffenbachia, 
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