KEY TO SUB-CLASSES, ORDERS AND GENERA. 199 
CXXVI—GRAMINACE Ai—cont, 
leaves, but they can usually be distinguished, under the lens or microscope, as bright 
translucent, dots at the point where they cross the silica cells (“‘ translucent glands”, 
Gan.bie). Pieces of drv leaves boiled in water, and examined in glycerine, often show the 
transverse veins: they can be made more conspicuous by bleaching agents or by scrap- 
ing off part of the tissue filled with chlorophyll. On the under side of the leaf the epi- 
dermis has numerous solid protuberances or hairs, which are usnally short and thick- 
walled, in some species long and soft. . . . The tissue of the culm is very firm 
consis‘ing of closed fibrovascular bundles and, ch efly near the surface, large masses 
of sclerenchymatous cells and fibres. ‘The branches of the rhizome are solid, The 
young shoots of bamboos are solid, consisting of exceedingly soft tissue. } 
(1) Pericarp thin, membranons, adnate to the seed :— 
(A) Stamens 3; spikelets 1—to many-flowered, racemed or panicled ; 
empty glumes 1-2; leaves usually with conspicuous transverse 
veins dividing the leaf into rectangles or squares; stems 
slender, seldom 20 ft. high, nodes usually prominent, internodes 
rather short, branches short fascicled :— mxli-—Arundinaria. 
(B) Stamens 6 :— 
(a) Filarnents free; spikelets 3—10, flowered, generally, in large 
leafless panicles of h3ads on spiciform branches, or in leafy 
panicles, or in panicled spikes; pales prominently 2-keeled, 
subentire; leaves not tessellate by nervules, but sometimes 
by pellucid glands ; sheaths variously auricled ; stems usually 
large and caespitose :— mxlivy—Bambusa, 
(b) Filaments connate; spikelets few flowered, capitate or whorled 
on branches in large panicles; pales of upper flowers none, 
or glume like; leavy+-slarge or small: stems arborescent or 
scandent, unarmed, with a stout, usually creeping and 
stoloniferous, rootstock :— mxly—Oxytenanthera. 
(2) Pericarp crustaceous, coriacious, or fleshy :— 
(A) Pales always 2-keeled; transverse veins of leayes not con- 
spicuous : — 
(a)—Spikelets 2-or-more-flowered, only one usually fertile, usually 
capitate on the branches of a panicle; ovary hirsute at top ; 
pericarp crustaceous; leaves with pellucid glands; stems 
arborescent, unarmed, with densely branching rootstocks :— 
mxlvi—Dendrocalamus. 
(bj Spikelets 1-flowered :— 
(a) Spikelets in long narrow spikes on the branches of a panicle ; 
stems thin, arching, subscandent with pendulous branches 
and papery stem-sheaths :— mxlvii— Teinostachyum, 
(L) Spikelets crowded in globose heads; stems slender, straight, 
shrubby, with auricled stem-sheaths :— 
mxlviii—Cephalostachyum. 
(B) Pales none, or glume-like ; stamens 6—120; leaves as in Bambusa, 
margins cartilaginous, nerves many, sheaths striate, fringed, 
ligule (except 1 species) short; stems shrubby, reed-like, 
gregarious, often overhanging, internodes rather long ard thin- 
walled, stem-sheaths thin and persistent with small auricles :— 
mxlix—Ochlandra, 
CXXVII— GLEICHENIACE A— 
(I) Characters of the order-(q.v. in the Synopsis) :— m1—Gleichenia. 
CXXVIII—POLYPODIACEA— 
(1) Ring surrounding sporangia more or less obliquely vertical, nearly 
complete; sporangia crowded, obliquely laterally compressed (or sub-com- 
pressed), bu:sting horizontally :—- 
(i) Sori without indusium, globose, dorsal on, or at the forking of, a vein ; 
tree-ferns with tall candex ; fronds compoundly pinnate, veins simple, forked or 
pinnate, not anastamcsing :—— re + Li = .-. mli--Alsophila. 
(ii) Sori involucrate, i.¢., with an inferior indusium and elevated 
receptacles :— : 
(1) Involucre membranous, at firat globose and covering the sorus, then 
circumscissile near the apex leaving a cup; tree fern with arborescent caudex ; 
fronds large bipinnate j receptacles close to the costa :— mlii—Cyathea, 
