MONOCHLAMYDEAE. 39 
(6) Stamens hypogynous, more than 10, some 
in the outer rows sometimes without 
anthers, no other staminodes (but usually 
a disc) being present. Leaves alternate, 
entire dentate or lobed.  Perianth- 
leaves distinct or nearly so. Bixineae. 
52 (a) Ovaries several, distinct. Styles distinct 
or connate at the top only. 53. 
49) (6) Ovary 1.* 57. 
53 (a) Stamens with connate filaments, hypo- 
gynous. Trees with alternate, stipulate 
leaves. Flowers unisexual or  poly- 
gamous. Carpels 3-12. Sterculiaceae. 
(4) Stamens with separate filaments or with- 
out filaments, in the latter case perigyn- 
ous. Trees with opposite or exstipulate 
leaves, or shrubs, or herbs. 54, 
54 (a) Perianth-leaves distinct. Woody climbers 
with opposite leaves, or herbs. Stamens 
numerous, hypogynous. Seeds albumin- 
ous. Ranunculaceae. 
(6) Perianth-leaves of the hermaphrodite and 
* Compare Aroideae and Liliaceae, belonging to Mono- 
cotyledons, but bearing frequently net-veined leaves. 
The former have hermaphrodite flowers upon a spadix, 
the latter unisexual umbellate trimerous flowers with 1-2 
pendulous orthotropous ovules in each cell of the ovary. 
