MONOCHLAMYDEAE. 53 
ovary. Ovules pendulous. Flowers 
umbellate or capitate. Leaves alter- 
nate, rarely opposite, usually dissected. 
Stamens 5. Umbelliferae. 
(2) Perianth-leaves united beyond the ovary. 
Ovules ascending or horizontal. Flowers 
cymose or spicate. Leaves verticillate 
(very rarely opposite), entire. 
Rubiaceae. 
101 (2) Herbs or undershrubs.  Perianth-seg- 
ments imbricate in bud. Seeds with a 
mealy albumen and a curved embryo. 
Leaves alternate, exstipulate, undivided. 
Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. 
Styles separate. Ovules pendulous. 
Ficoideae. 
(6) Shrubs or trees. Perianth-segments val- 
vate in bud. Seeds with a fleshy or 
cartilaginous albumen and a, straight 
embryo. 102. 
102 (az) Ovules pendulous. Embryo minute. 
Flowers umbellate or capitate. Perianth 
divided down to the ovary. Fruit a 
drupe or berry. Araliaceue. 
(2) Ovules erect. Embryo large. Leaves 
entire or dentate. Ovary 3-4-celled. 
Rhamneae. 
