MONOCHLAMYDEAE, 23 
men. Stigma usually 1 or 3-5, rarely 2. 
Spikes stalked. Shrubs or trees, with 
usually stipulate leaves, or herbs. 
Piperaceae. 
9 (a) Plants destitute of green colour. Leaves 
reduced to scales. Herbs, stem un- 
branched. Flowers in spadiciform spikes 
or heads mixed with club-shaped bodies. 
Perianth of the male flowers valvate. 
Stamens as many as perianth-segments, 
and opposite to them,or more. Filaments 
connate or wanting. Style and stigma 
entire. Ovule suspended from the top 
of the cell. Australasia and South 
Asia. Balanophoreae. 
(b) Plants of a green colour. Leaves well- 
developed. 10. 
10 (a) Leaves stipulate. Ovule suspended from 
the top of the cell, more rarely erect 
from its base, in the latter case stigma 1, 
entire or penicillate. Stamens as many as 
perianth-seoments and opposite to them, 
or fewer. Filamentsfree. Urticaceae. 
(b) Leaves exstipulate. Ovule erect from the 
base of the cell, or suspended from a 
basal funicle. Stigmas in the fertile 
flowers 2-3, or a 2-3-lobed one. 11. 
