ee y? lO THE ORDERS 
OF 
FLOWERING PLANTS. 
PHANEROGAMAE. 
1 (a) Ovules naked, 7.¢., not enclosed in an 
ovary, inserted upon open carpellary 
leaves which bear no stigma, or without 
carpellary leaves upon the summit of a 
branch. ‘Trees or shrubs, with unisexual 
flowers without a perianth, rarely with 
a simple perianth. Gymnospermeae, 
(b) Ovules enclosed in the ovary, which is 
formed by the lower part of stigmati- 
ferous carpellary leaves. (Angiosper- 
meae. ) 2, 
2 (a) Vascular bundles of the stem isolated. 
Leaves usually parallel-veined, rarely 
wanting or net-veined (in the latter case 
flowers upon a spadix or trimerous 
A 
