CLASS XXII. ORDER III. 131 



valves.) 57. 3 — porella^ (false moss) branches 

 flowering in the middle, flowers sub-sessile, leaves 

 obovate. (Muhlenberg found 27 species.) 



Marchantia. Capsules peduncled, bursting 

 at their summits : seeds attached to elastic fibres : 

 the capsules are placed beneath umbrella-like stars 

 or cones. (It agrees with some species of Ju7iger- 

 mannia in external appearance, but it is of a much 

 firmer texture. The frond is always leafy, lobed, 

 furnished with a strong midrib and beset beneath 

 with villous roots. The disk of the leaf consists 

 of a beautiful green network.) 57. 3 — fiolymorpha^ 

 (brook liverwort) frond obtusely lobed. (In the 

 spring some of this species send up ovate anthers 

 or buds on pellucid filaments from the disk of the 

 frond. Near the middle of the summer the um- 

 brellas appear, bearing the fruit under the rays.) 



AxTHOcERos. Capsules horn-like, issuing 

 from a calyx with toothed reflexed margin, cover- 

 ed at first with a brown villous caducous calyptre; 

 afterwards splitting into valves and presenting the 

 columella with the seeds attached : around the ca- 

 lyx, within the substance of the leaf, and in a pro- 

 per involucre, are inclosed heaps of reddish mi- 

 nute anthers or buds. (The subst':ince of the frond 

 is made up of beautiful 6-sided cells, each of 

 ■which is marked on the surface with a small pro- 

 tuberance.) 57. 3 — levisy (wax liverwort) frond 

 flat, crenate — fiunctatusy frond sinuate-lobed ob- 

 tuse. 



RicciA. Capsules sessile, globular, 1 -celled, 

 crowned with an appearance of withered anthers ; 

 they are lodged in the substance of the leaf, and to 

 be discovered only by the darker colour of the 

 place where situated. (Usually found with Lemna 

 in ponds and stagnant waters.) 57. o-^fiuUans^ 

 (gaping-liverwort) fronds repeatedly forked, linear, 



M 2 



