MAMMALIA—MAN. 49 
1. The Caucasian variety includes all Europeans, with the exception 
of the Laplanders, and the inhabitants of the western and northern parts 
of Asia. They have the face oval; facial angle eighty-five degrees; forehead 
high, and expanding cheeks, colored red: hair long, brown, but varying 
from white to black. 
2. The Mongolian variety inhabits eastern Asia, Finland, and Lapland, in 
Europe; and includes the Esquimaux of North America. They have a 
broad and flat olive colored face, with lateral projections of the cheek bones; 
facial angle seventy-five degrees; oblique and narrow eyes; hair hard, 
siraight, black ; beard thin. 
3. The Ethiopian variety, inhabiting the middle parts of Africa, are black 
in a greater or less degree, with black woolly hair, jaws projecting forward, 
thick lips, and flat nose ; facial angle seventy degrees. 
4, The American variety, comprising all the aboriginal Americans, except 
the Esquimaux, are’ mostly tan or reddish copper-colored, with prominent 
cheek bones, short forehead, flattish nose, straight, coarse hair, and thin 
deard. ; 
5. The Malayan variety includes the inhabitants of the islands in the 
indian Ocean, and Polynesia. They are of a brown color, from a clear 
mahogany, to the darkest clove or chesnut brown, with thick, black, bushy 
hair, a broad nose, and wide mouth. 
In considering the peculiarities which distinguish man from the brute 
creation, his capability of inhabiting every climate, and sustaining every 
degree of heat and cold, deserves to be noticed. While the geographical 
range of most animals is extremely limited, the physical and intellectual 
powers of man enable him to create a climate of his own in every degree 
of latitude: and while the Indian of Canada may sleep \ypon the snow with 
impunity with the thermometer at forty degrees below zero, the natives of 
Sierra Leone suffer, unhurt, the heat of a vertical sun, with the thermometer 
above one hundred degrees. And as the physical powers and intellectual 
resources of man enable him to occupy the whole surface of the globe, his 
capacity of living on every species of food renders him, in the widest sense 
of the word, omnivorous. The continued use of animal food is as natural 
and wholesome to the inhabitants of the Arctic regions, where it is impos- 
sible to raise vegetables, as a mixed diet is to the Englishman ; and vegeta- 
ble food within the tropics is necessary from the exuberance of this part of 
the creation, and the comparative scarcity of those gregarious animals on 
which man subsists .n other latitudes. 
There are many causes which contribute to the producing of an apparent 
variety, between the different nations of the globe. Climate, food, manners, 
and customs, produce not only a difference in sentiment, but even in the 
external form of a different people. / 
In examining the surface of the earth, and beginning our inquiries from 
the north, we find in Lapland, and in the northern parts of Tartary, a race 
2 
