416 AVES--CONDOR. 
the tip of the beak to the ¢xtremity of the tail; and its height, when 
perching, with the neck partly withdrawn, two feet eight inches. Its beak 
was two inches and three quarters in length, and an inch and a quarter in 
depth, when closed. 
The beak of the condor is straight at the base, but the upper mandible 
becomes arched towards the point, and terminates ina strong and well 
curved hook. The basal half is of an ash brown, and the remaining por- 
tion towards the point is nearly white. The head and neck are bare of 
feathers, and covered with a hard, wrinkled, dusky reddish skin, on which 
are scattered some short brown or blackish hairs. On the top of the head, 
which is much flattened above, and extending some distance along the 
beak, is attached an oblong, firm caruncle, or comb, covered by a continua- 
tion of the skin which invests the head. This organ is peculiar to the male. 
It is connected to the beak only in its anterior part, and is separated from 
it at the base im sucn a manner as to allow of a free passage of the air to 
the large oval nostrils, which are situated beneath it at that part. Behind 
the eyes, which are somewhat elongated, and not sunk beneath the general 
surface of the head, the skin of the neck is, as it were, gathered intoa 
series of descending folds, extending obliquely from the back of the head, 
over the temples, to the under side of the neck, and there connected an- 
teriorly with a lax membrane or wattle, capable of being dilated at plea- 
sure, like that of the common turkey. The neck is marked by numerous, 
deep parallel folds, produced by the habit of retracting the head, in which the 
pird indulges when at rest. In this position: scarcely any part of the neck 
as visible. 
Round the lower part of the neck, both sexes, the female as well as the 
male, are furnished with a broad white ruff, of,downy feathers, which forms 
the line of separation between the naked skin above and the true feathers 
covering the body below it. All the other feathers, with the exception 
of the wing coverts and the secondary quill feathers, are of a bright black, 
generally mingled with a grayish tinge of greater or less intensity. In the 
female, the wing coverts are blackish gray ; but the male has their points, 
and frequently as much as half their length, white. The wings of the 
latter are consequently distinguished from those of the female by their large 
white patches. The secondary quill feathers of both sexes are white on the 
outer side. The tail is short and wedge-shaped. The legs are exces- 
sively thick and powerful, and are colored of a bluish gray, intermingled 
with whitisn streaks. Their elongated toes are united at the base bya 
loose but very apparent membrane, and are terminated by long, black 
talons, of considerable thickness, but very little curved. The” hinder toe is 
much shorter than the rest; and its talon, although more distinctly curved, 
is equally wanting in strength; a deficiency which renders the foot much 
less powerful as an organ of prehension than that of any other of the large 
pirds of the raptorial order. 
