100 LABRADOR 
only in the light of rapid and incomplete exploration, are 
to be viewed as those belonging to old-mountain stubs. 
The facts show with certainty that an enormous volume 
of rock has been carried away to the depths of the Atlantic, 
where the débris is accumulating to this day. Observa- 
tions in structure, too technical to be described in these 
pages, seem to show as clearly that the staple rocks of the 
Labrador were, in Archean times, built up into a gnarled 
and knotted mountain-system extensive in area and lofty 
in an Alpine, or even Himalayan, sense. 
But the imagination is not left entirely unaided in its 
attempt to reconstruct the Archean mountains. In com- 
paratively recent geologic time a portion of the Basement 
Complex on the Labrador has been warped up, 1.e. bodily 
uplifted, so high that the streams of the country have been 
enabled to cut many thousands of feet down into the old 
rocks. Asa result, the 150 miles of the coastal belt south- 
eastward from Cape Chidley presents to-day a rugged 
relief, rivalling in grandeur many famous Alps of Switzer- 
land and the Selkirks of the Canadian West. Here the 
strong topography has a distinct coastal trend, and its 
boldness forcibly suggests that there has been a veritable 
resurrection of the Archean mountain-chain. This long 
mountain-belt has been called the ‘‘Torngat” Range, 
from the Eskimo word for “bad spirits.” A single view 
of the bare, forbidding, riven, and jagged cliffs of the 
saw-tooth ridges and alpine horns, whether seen in the 
interior or springing their thousands of feet from salt 
water in the fiords, leaves no wonder at the name. The 
absence of trees, the eerie loneliness of the whole land, and, 
in the countless gorges and ravines, the depth of shadow 
