GEOLOGY AND SCENERY OF NORTHEAST COAST 133 
in recent times is still more forcibly emphasized by the 
thousands of boulder-beaches and other marine accumula- 
tions on the emerged land. The glacial drift and the an- 
gular fragments of rock torn from cliff and chasm were 
sorted, grouped, and graded by the waves many centuries 
ago, yet the resulting beaches very often look as if they 
had just been formed. Almost the only change that has 
affected their appearance since the last mad fling of the 
surf was dried upon them, is the growth of a thin and scat- 
tered coat of lichens upon the boulders. Next to a view 
of the reality no better proof of the remarkable preservation 
of the beaches or illustration of their perfect exposure can 
be had than the testimony of the camera. The photo- 
graphs of the raised beaches are examples, and not ex- 
ceptional ones at that, of the hundreds of beaches visited 
by the members of the Brave expedition in one season. 
Some of the most interesting exhibitions of beaches dis- 
covered at that time occur at Sloop Harbour (their eleva- 
tions above sea being 115, 140, 160, and 215 feet), at Aillik 
Bay, Hopedale, Pomiadluk Point (here measured eleva- 
tions of 55, 65, 230, 250, 315, 320, and 335 feet), and at 
Port Manvers. 
In some of the beaches Packard has found the shells and 
skeletons of the animals which thronged the sea as the 
beaches formed. He records the discovery of a whale’s 
skeleton in marine clay fifty feet above the present high- 
water mark. The captain of the Brave reported, too, that 
he had found whalebones in a beach estimated to be one 
hundred feet above the same level. Packard states that 
these fossil remains are identical in character with the hard 
parts of species now living in the Arctic and North Atlantic. 
