256 LABRADOR 
many of the yearlings were covered by the stags. The 
domesticated herds in Siberia have thus increased to such 
an extent that it is possible to buy full-grown animals at 
fifty cents per head, and Mr. Vanderlip, in his Search for 
a Siberian Klondike, states that he could purchase them 
as low as twenty-five cents a head as food for his dogs. 
Similarly, George Kennan tells me that he bought many 
at fifty cents apiece for dog food in Siberia. It has even 
been stated that the fecundity of reindeer may be liable to 
become a positive nuisance. 
In the bot-fly the deer has an enemy which greatly 
worries him, but which does not appear seriously to injure 
him. The fly pierces the outer skin and leaves the egg 
underneath, where the larva grows and develops through 
the winter, in probably the only place where it would not 
freeze. In the spring the fly hatches out and leaves its 
birthplace. These large bot larve projecting under the 
skin are picked off and eaten by the Alaskans as a choice 
delicacy. In the ethmoid cells of these deer, at the root 
of the nose close to the skull, there are also always to be 
found a number of large maggots in various stages of de- 
velopment. These give rise to a coryza, fortunately not 
fatal, which leads the animal to sneeze out the larvee in 
great quantities. We have otherwise found no disease 
likely to trouble the recently imported reindeer in New- 
foundland. 
During fifteen years of medical mission work on the coast 
of North Newfoundland and Labrador, I have discovered 
that one out of every three of our deaths on the coast is 
due to tuberculosis; that one out of every three native 
babies died before reaching the age of one year. More- 
