THE BIRDS 389 
struggling spruces among the barren rocks. The Hud- 
sonian chickadee is also found here. 
Still more southern and more Canadian in their distribu- 
tion are the olive-sided and yellow-bellied flycatchers, 
the white-throated sparrow, and purple finch. The well- 
known Peabody song of the white-throated sparrow recalls 
the pastures of Maine. This song has a charm and beauty 
unsurpassed even by the songs of more power and com- 
plexity. The magnolia, myrtle, bay-breasted, yellow- 
palm, black-throated green, and Canadian warblers, and 
northern water-thrush are also found in these more southern 
regions. The winter wren, golden-crowned kinglet, black- 
capped chickadee, olive-backed thrush, and hermit thrush 
also occur here. The divine song of the hermit thrush heard 
in the wilds of Labrador is indeed an inspiration. 
There remain to be added a few wide-ranging birds that 
have not been included in these classes. The northern 
raven may be mentioned first. While the American crow 
is rarely found in Labrador, and then only in the southern 
part, the raven takes its place throughout the country, 
especially on the sea-coast. Here they build their nests 
in inaccessible recesses in the rocky cliffs. No need have 
they when snow covers the ground of a change like the 
ptarmigan to white plumage for protective purposes. 
Their wits alone are sufficient. Their harsh cra-ak or 
cru-uk at once distinguishes them from the crow with its 
familiar caw. Their larger size cannot be depended upon 
as a distinguishing mark, for in vast surroundings one can 
with difficulty judge of size. The rounded tail of the raven 
is a good field mark, for the tail of the crow is nearly even. 
Of the four species of swallows found in northern New 
