THE FLORA 407 
typical situations, each with its own peculiar aspect. We 
may conveniently divide these into the areas of forest, of 
sea-shore, and of the tundra, and the latter again into sey- 
eral subdivisions. 
1. The forest region is best described by Low.’ He says: 
“The southern half of the Labrador Peninsula is included 
in the subarctic forest belt, as described by Professor Ma- 
coun. Nine species of trees may be said to constitute the 
whole arborescent flora of this region. These species 
are: Betula papyrifera Michx., Populus tremuloides Michx., 
Populus balsamifera Linn., Thuya occidentalis Linn., 
Pinus banksiana Lam., Picea alba Link., Picea nigra 
Link., Abies balsamea Marsh, and Larix Americana 
Michx. The distribution of the forest areas and the range 
of the various trees depend on several factors, among 
which may be mentioned, position as regards latitude, 
height above sea-level, distance from sea-coast, and char- 
acter of the soil, all of which are important. The forest 
is continuous over the southern part of the peninsula to 
between latitudes 52° and 54°, the only exceptions being 
the summits of rocky hills and the outer islands of the At- 
lantic coast. To the northward of latitude 53°, the higher 
hills are treeless and the size and number of the barren 
areas rapidly increase. In latitude 55°, more than half the 
country is treeless, woods being only found about the mar- 
gins of small lakes and in the valleys of the rivers. Trees ~ 
also decrease in size, until, on the southern shores of Un- 
gava Bay, they disappear altogether. ... The tree line 
skirts the southern shore of Ungava Bay and comes close 
to the mouth of the George River, from which it turns 
south-southeast, skirting the western foot-hills of the At- 
lantic coast range, which is quite treeless, southward to 
the neighbourhood of Hebron, in latitude 58°, where trees 
1A. P. Low, Report on Explorations in the Labrador Peninsula, 
Ann. Rep. Geol. Survey of Canada, 1896, Part L, Vol. VIII, pp. 30 ff. 
