410 LABRADOR 
taphylos alpina, Betula glandulosa, Hmpetrum nigrum, 
Abies balsamea, Juniperus communis, Picea nigra, Boletus. 
b. In the more sunny and protected situations exclu- 
sively: Rubus arcticus, Potentilla tridentata, Taraxacum, 
Polyganum viviparum. 
c. In both, but mainly in the more exposed: Cerastium 
alpinum, Vaccinium Vitis-I[dea, var. minus, Rhinanthus 
Crista-galli, Salix Browniv. 
d. In both, but mainly in the more protected: Draba 
incana, Coelopleurum actzifolium, Cornus Canadensis, 
Achillea millefolium, Solidago macrophylla, a fine thin 
unknown grass. 
e. In both about equally: Stellaria longipes, Lathyrus 
maritimus, Sedum Rhodiola, Elymus arenaria, Poa pra- 
tensis, var. domestica, Barbula ruralis, Brachythecium, 
Hylocomium splendens. 
At Ford Harbour, a little farther north (56°), the follow- 
ing additional species (some but not all of the above being 
present also) were found in a similar situation: Arenaria 
Grenlandica, Silene acaulis, Astragalus alpinus, Oxytropis, 
Sazifraga Grenlandica, Epilobium latifolium, E. spicatum, 
Antennaria, Solidago multiradiata, var. scopularum, Taraz- 
acum officinale, var. palustre, Pyrola grandiflora, Vacci- 
nium uliginosum, Polyganum Islandicum, Salix herbacea, 
S. Uva-ursi, Polytricum commune, Lycoperdon, Festuca 
rubra, Hierochloe alpina, Carex rigida. 
3. The open country uncovered by forest, whose highest 
growths are low shrubs or shrubby, stunted forms of trees, 
and which are more or less continuously carpeted with 
Arctic plants of many kinds, is called the tundra. It is 
the formation that will be most often met with by the voy- 
