418 LABRADOR 
Silene acaulis greet the eye continually. Astragalus and 
Oxytropis, Dryas, a great variety of saxifrages, Sedum, 
Pedicularis, the violetlike Pinguicula, and many inconspic- 
uous Crucifere and Caryophyllacee complete the list of 
forms more universally present in the early part of the 
season. 
“After the beginning of August, when we had reached 
a higher latitude, the character of the vegetation changed 
considerably. Caribou-moss, curlewberry, blueberry, and 
Arctostaphylos still remained the most continuous growths. 
But the flowers began to change to more autumnal forms. 
The Arctic goldenrod (Solidago Virga-aurea and S. macro- 
phylla) appeared abundantly. The large showy pink 
flowers of the EHpilobium and the thick pink heads of 
Lychnis were very prominent. Yellow Arnica alpina and 
delicate blue harebells (Campanula) were common. A 
yellow poppy (Papaver nudicaule), with early deciduous 
petals, was not infrequent on the hilltops. A strikingly 
beautiful flower, though a rare one, was the small twin- 
flower (Linnea borealis). Fungi, including Boleti, Russule, 
and various agarics, also became very abundant toward 
the close of the summer; they were fairly numerous in the 
north, and the moist woods about Nain and Hopedale were 
full of them.”’ 
Thus far we have considered what are the main types and 
characteristics of the plant forms that occur in Labrador 
and the causes that make these predominant; and what 
are the main features and less frequent varieties of its 
landscape, in so far as they are supplied by its floral cover- 
ing. If now we consider the affinities of the plants of this 
region with those in other parts of the world, a number of 
curious and unexpected facts present themselves. Who, 
for instance, would anticipate that the northern parts of 
America possess many more plants like those of Arctic 
