436 APPENDIX I 
whitish spots or markings. A larger species, Argynnis atlantis, 
the “mountain silver-spot,”’ has been recorded from the interior 
of the peninsula. It may prove to be only an accidental visitor, 
although two species of violets, the food plant of the Fritillaries, 
are recorded as far north as Hopedale. Papilio turnus, the 
yellow swallow-tail, has also been recorded from the interior. 
The northern white butterfly (Pontia napi, variety frigida) 
varies greatly in different localities, and consequently has received 
many varietal names. The wings are white, with the veins on the 
under side more or less broadly marked with gray, with the tip of 
the fore wings and the hind wings pale yellow. The larvae feed on 
various species of the Cruciferous plants, especially turnip and 
mustard. 
The smaller yellow, or sulphur, butterflies are represented by 
three or four species, — Eurymus paleno, nastes, and pelidne or 
labradorensis. ‘The large “‘white-j butterfly,” Hugoma j-album 
(P1., Fig. 10), is marked with dull yellow and reddish brown, irregularly 
maculated with black, with a spot of white near the tip of the wing, 
and the outer margin with a double crenulated line; the hind 
wing is reddish brown, black along the anterior margin, with a 
central patch of white; the under side consists of various shades 
of grayish brown, giving a woody or mossy effect, and when the 
insect is at rest presenting an interesting example of protective 
coloration. The larve feed on birch. It has been taken as far 
north as Okkak. 
The barren-ground butterfly, or Arctic satyr, Gineis gutta (PL. 
Fig. 11), is cireumpolar, being found in the more northern parts of 
both the eastern and western continents. The colour of the fore 
wings is a dark brown, with six yellowish spots of varying sizes near 
the outer margin and somewhat blending into the brown, spots 
with or without central points of black; the hind wing has four 
yellowish patches, the anal one with a small black spot; the under 
side is brownish, the hind wings being mottled with gray and closely 
resembling the moss-covered ground and rocks. A closely related 
species, the “‘White Mountain butterfly” (Eneis norma, variety 
semidea), is very similar in colour, and its habits have been so 
nicely described by Mr. A. H. Scudder that I quote the following : — 
‘Ag soon as one alights it tumbles upon one side with a sudden 
fall, but not quite to the surface, exposing the under side of the 
wings with their marbled markings next the gray rocks mottled 
with brown and yellow lichens, so that the ordinary passer-by 
would look at them without observing their presence: it is an ob- 
vious case of protective resemblance. The surface is generally ex- 
posed so as to receive the fullest rays of the sun, or else the creature 
falls so as to let the wind sweep over it, its base to the windward.” 
